Micro-Part Uno, basics up to G+ Flashcards
Which Protozoa is responsible for Malaria?
PLASMODIUM
What opportunistic fungus causes PCP infections in AIDS patients?
PneumoCystis
What is the protozoa harbored in CATS that can help them trick helpless mice into not fearing their pee? (can affect crazy cat ladies too)
Toxo-Plasma GONDII
What are the ONLY two shapes of Gram + cells?
Bacillus and Cocci
What are the 4 types of free-living Gram -?
Rods(8 of them), Curved Rods (Vibrio-Cholera), Cocci (meningitis), Spir-o-chetes (Syphillis, lyme dis.)
What do these viruses have in common? Herpes, Hep-B, Papilloma
they are DNA viruses
What do these viruses have in common? EBOLA, Rubella, Influenza, Mumps, Measles, Hep-C, HIV? RotaViruses, Hep-A, Hep-E, Polio
They are all RNA (HIV is RNA-RetroVirus)
What do these viruses have in common? Herpes, Hep-B, EBOLA, Rubella, Influenza, Mumps, Measles, Hep-C, HIV
They are all enveloped!
What do these Viruses have in common? Papilloma, RotaViruses, Hep-A, Hep-E, Polio
They are all naked! (not enveloped) AND THEREFORE HEARTY BASTARDS
What size is the bacterial Ribosome?
70s (eukaryotic, human/fungal=80s)
What enzymes are constantly breaking down/reforming peptidoglycan like bone resorption?
Auto-Lysins!
What is the result of LPS activation of the clotting system in the blood vessels? (BIG CONCEPT on THE map)
Disseminated IntraVascular Coagulation
What are the three (1, 2a, 2b)products of LPS binding to MacrOphages?
- COLLAGENASE(destroy collagen) 2. Prostaglandin (PGE-2) 3. TNF-alpha
What is the main fxn discussed for the PGE-2 prostaglandin release by MacrOpahges?
Bone Resorption!
What is the chain reaction of Macrophage release of TNF-alpha? Whats the END result (BIG CONCEPT)?
TNF-alpha—> increase NO production—>relaxation of blood vessels–>HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK (SEPTIC SHOCK)
What its the enzyme for breaking up peptidoglycan?
Lysozyme
What is intracellular glucose storage for a bacterium? Extracellular storage?
Intra=Glycogen Extra=DEXTRANS (Caries!!)
What is the receptor on Macrophages that LPS binds to?
TLR-4 (Toll Like Receptor-4)
What are these examples of?: Macrophage, Kuppfer Cell, Dendritic Cell, Glial Cell, Alveolar, Neutrophil (large bone, marrow pool)?
PROFESSIONAL Phagocytes
What antibodies are present on Mast Cells?
IgE…EyEs!! Looking out for insults!
What is the process of coating antigens with antibodies to enhance phagocytosis?
Opsonization
What are the receptors on phagocytes that bind the suitcase handle on the pathogen?
The Fc Receptor of the phagocyte binds to the Fc region or the antibody(suitcase holder)
What are the three types of ExoToxins?
- Cytolytic 2. AB exotoxins 3.SuperAntigens
Which cascade molecules stimulate Mast cells?
C3a and C5a
Which protein of the AB complex BINDS to the target cell?
B, as in BIND!
Which AB toxin cleaves ribosomal RNA and therefore blocks ribosome function?
Shigella
Which AB exotoxin uses NADH to add ribose to elongation factor and therefore blocks protein synthesis?
DiphTheria
Which AB exotoxin uses NADH to add ribose to G-Proteins?
Cholera
Which AB exotoxin toxin blocks release of inhibitory mediators by intermediate neurons, permitting muscle neurons to continue to fire causing continuous muscle constriction?
Tetanus toxin
Which AB exotoxin toxin blocks vesicles with acetylcholine mediator from fusing with the muscle synapses, thus blocking muscle action, leading to flaccid paralysis?
Botulism Toxin
Which exotoxin inappropriately binds the Thelper cell TCR to HLA class II molecule on AntigenPresentingCells, initiating Thelper cell/macrophage activation? WHAT is the FINAL Result??
This is SuperAntigen Exotoxin, the FINAL result is A CYTOKINE STORM!!!
What is the END result of superantigen of Strep Pyogenes?
Scarlet Fever
What are the three ways we can classify a Strep member?
1.Hemolysis (beta, alpha, gamma) 2.Its Lancefield CHO Antigens (A,B) 3. Its Natural Clusters/loactions
What is the beta-hemolytic strep’s affect on RBCs?
COMPLETE hemolysis
What is the alpha-hemolytic streps affect on RBCs?
Changes Hemoglobin shape and therefore changes its color to GREEN!
What is the gamma-hemolytic strep affect on an RBC?
NOTHING!
What are the MAJOR bacterial species found in the oral cavity?
alpha-hemolytic viridans strep…S. Mitis, S. Salivarius, S. Mutans
What is G.A.S. (group-a-strep), has many toxins, and causes step throat, rheumatic fever, cellulitis, and scarlet fever?
Strep Pyogenes
What is Beta-hemolytic, has a Capsule, and causes neonatal sepsis (birth canal flora)? (hint: battle star galactitca)
S. Agalactiae
What is alpha-hemolytic, has a capsule, and causes MENINGITIS, pneumonia, and ear infections?
S. Pneumoniae
Which hypersensitivity type is most serious?
Type I
What is the skin manifestation of BOTH Strep AND Staph pyogenic infection?
Impetigo
What are the three main strep pyogenic/LOCAL infections?
Strep Throat, Impetigo, and Cellulitis
What are the two main toxic systemic diseases of strep?
Scarlet Fever and Strep Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)
What are the two main Sequelae diseases of strep? What are their sensitivity types?
Rheumatic Fever (Type II), and Glomerulonephritis (Type III)
Which of the three exotoxin classes is at the root of Scarlet Fever and Strep Toxic Shock-LIKE Syndrome? (end result is a cytokine storm)
Superantigen! (Toxin “glues” TCR’s to Class II MHCs)
Which Type of hypersensativiy has to do with the coke bottle and the water bottle looking similar and therefore the body mounts a response agains both pathogen and self receptors?
Type II…..Think Two bottles!
What type of hypersensitivity is caused by the formation of complexes that can gather “like leaves on the storm drain during the fall?” (which then macrophages come and indescriminantly eat)
Type III…Think Fall is the third season
Coagulase+, yellow colony
o Protein A, many secreted enzymes & toxins
o Frequently drug resistant
o Food poisoning, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome, nosocomial
infections, skin infections: abscesses (stye, boil, carbuncle) and impetigo
S. Aureus
No coagulase, white colony
o Capsule
o Frequently drug resistant
o Catheter & prosthetic implant infections
S. Epidermis
No coagulase, white colony, Urinary tract infections in young women (behind E.Coli)
S. SAP-RO-PHY-TI-CUS
What is the disease caused by Exfoliative toxin? What stage of infection is it?
Scalded Skin Syndrome…Systemic Toxic diesase
What staph invades via catheters/ needle inn?
Staph Epidermis
Which bug am I?? causes abscesses, pyogenic infections (endocarditis and osteomyelitis). Food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome
Staph Aureus
Which bug can cause SUB-acute endocarditis?
Gram + Staph Epidermidis
Staph Aureus has Protein ___ and ____-hemolytic features. It also has ______ acid to help it adhere to mucosal cells.
Protein A….beta-hemolytic….Teichoic Acid
What is the Staph Aureus toxin that causes vomiting and water disrrhea?
Enterotoxin
What two bugs cause toxic shock syndrome?
Staph Aureus and Strep Pyogenes
Scalded Skin Syndrome
Staph Aureus
Impetigo- honey colored crests
Staph Aureus (impetigo can also be caused by Strept Pyogenes)
Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
Staph Aureus
Sub-Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
Strep Viridans-Strep Mutans, Strep Viridans
What is THE group A, beta-hymolyic bug?
Strept Pyogenes
Scarlet Fever/Strawberry Tongue
Strept Pyogenes
What is a prime example of a Lansfield group B bug?
Strept Ag-al-act-iae
What is more virulent: Sub-Acute EndoCarditis or Acute Endocarditis?
Acute Endocarditis (Staph Aureus) is more virulent than Sub-Acute Endocarditis (Viridans Strept)
What is the #1 bug that causes adult meningitis?
Strept Pneumoniae
What is the #1 bug that causes pneumonia in adults?
Strept Pneumoniae
What G+ bug causes anthrax? What are the manifestations on the skin called?
bacillus anthracis…black eschars (I guess its painless!)
What is a common cause of food poisoning (besides Staph Aureus) from ingestion of reheated grains/rice? (wow I’ve probably got some of this swimming around me right now)
bacillus cereus
What causes the Childhood disease Diptheriae?
Corynebacterium Diptheriae
What is the famous bacteria that has a Glutamic Acid capsule instead of the normal capsule?
Bacillus Anthracis
What is the ONLY gram + rod that makes LPS?!?! Yes! LPS in a G+!! Holy Shit!!! (Poor Blue Bell Ice Cream)
Listeria MonoCytoGenes
What is the mode of transmission for Diptheriae?
Respiratory Droplets
Which bug causes a grey pseudomembrane on the THroat?
corynebacterium dipTHeriae
Which G+ anaerobe produces a toxin that BLOCKS the release of the inhibitory mediator GABA?
Clostridium Tetani
Which G+ anaerobe produces a toxin that blocks the release of acetylcholine?
Clostridium Botulinum
What bug causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium Perfringens
What is the G+ bug that causes pseudomembranous colitis?
Clostridium Difficile
What is cryptococcus’ main virulence factor?
a capsule
What are the TORCH infection bugs?
Toxoplasma, Other-6 ((Coxsackie, VZV, Chlamydia, HIV, Syphillis, Hep B)), Rubella (measles), CMV, HSV-2