EmbryOOO

Question 1

What are the three MAIN developments from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Answer 1

1)Mandible 2)Maxilla 3)MECKEL’s Cartilage

Question 2

What is the named cartilage of the 1st pharyngeal arch? If you get this wrong, you deserve death. Which ear ossicles?

Answer 2

MECKEL’s cartilage (the mandible) “MECK-EL’s” The INCUS and the MALLEUS

Question 3

What is the named cartilage of the 2nd arch? Which ear ossicle?

Answer 3

Reichert’s cartilage (hyoid/ear bones) “RY-Kurt’s” the STAPES

Question 4

What are the 5 main bones derived from the 1st arch cartilage?

Answer 4

1)Maxilla 2)Mandible (Meckel’s) 3)Temporal 4)Malleus 5)Incus

Question 5

What is the process of the development of the maxilla?

Answer 5

I.O. ==INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION-bone progressively replaces the embryonic connective tissue

Question 6

What are the two methods of the formation of the mandibular bone? Which portions specifically?

Answer 6

Intermembranous Ossification (majority) NEURAL REGION and endochondrial ossification ARTICULAR REGION

Question 7

Which arch and muscles are innervated by V?

Answer 7

V-Trigeminal: 1st Pharyngeal Arch (BOTH Max and Mand processes). Innervates Muscles of Mastication

Question 8

Which arch and muscles are innervated by VII?

Answer 8

VII-Facial: 2nd Pharyngeal Arch. Muscles of Facial Expression

Question 9

Which arch and muscles are innervated by IX?

Answer 9

IX-Glossopharyngeal: 3rd Pharyngeal Arch. Muscles of Swallow Reflex

Question 10

Which arch(es) and muscles are innervated by X?

Answer 10

X-Vagus:Arches 4-6. Muscles of Swallow Reflex

Question 11

What does the first pharyngeal CLEFT yield?

Answer 11

The 1st pharyngeal cleft gives rise to the external auditory meatus. Clefts 2,3,4 fuse to temporarily form a cervical sinus that will disappear.

Question 12

Which pouch is involved with the formation of the thyroid gland? Which specific cells does it give rise to in the thyroid?

Answer 12

The ULTIMOBRANCHIAL body of the 4th pouch. Gives rise to parafollicular or C-Cells that secrete calcitonin.

Question 13

What do the endodermal layer and ectodermal layers form in the 1st POUCH and CLEFT respectively come together to form?

Answer 13

The tympanic membrane!

Question 14

Name four derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal POUCH

Answer 14

1)Tympanic Membrane 2)Tympanic Cavity 3)Mastoid Antrum 4)Auditory(Eustachian) Tubes

Question 15

Name the derivative(s) of Pharyngeal POUCH Number TWO

Answer 15

TONSILS: Palatine Tonsils (YOU HAVE 2 TONSILS)

Question 16

Name the two derivatives of the 3rd Pharyngeal POUCH

Answer 16

INFERIOR Parathyroid Glands & THYMUS (whaaaat the inferior is 3rd and the superior is 4th??)

Question 17

Name the two derivatives of the 4th Pharyngeal ROUCH

Answer 17

Superior Parathyroid Glands, Ultimobranchial Bodies (C Cells and Calcitonin!!!)

Question 18

Which anatomical landmark did the THYROID originate?

Answer 18

The foramen cecum

Question 19

What is the most common cause of a lateral cervical cyst?

Answer 19

if the cervical sinus from the 2nd, 3rd, 4th pharyngeal CLEFTS are not completely obliterated

Question 20

What are the 5 elevated PROMINENCES of the embryo that develop the face?

Answer 20

1)Frontonasal 2)Maxillary 3)Medial Nasal 4)Lateral Nasal 5)Mandibular

Question 21

Most common: cleft lip or cleft palate? Male or female?

Answer 21

Cleft lip (male dominated)

Question 22

Which two pharyngeal arches does the tongue develop from?

Answer 22

1st (tuburculum impar)and 3rd (copula-root of tongue)

Question 23

Which arch yields the epiglottis?

Answer 23

4th

Question 24

Lips are embryologically derived from the ______, ______, and ______ processes.

Answer 24

maxillary, mandibular, and MEDIAL nasal (no lateral nasal)

Question 25

Spinal autonomic ganglia are derived from

Answer 25

the neural crest

Question 26

What germal layer is dentin derived from?

Answer 26

ectomesenchyme (neural crest)