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Micro & Pathology > Micro Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Micro Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote

A

Prokaryotes are bacteria and eukaryote is yeast.

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2
Q

Does a prokaryote or eukaryote contain organelles?

A

Eukaryotes

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3
Q

Which ones stain evenly in tests? Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes stain unevenly.

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4
Q

Describe Staphylococcus aureus results from a gram stain

A

Gram positive cocci in clusters

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5
Q

Describe Bacillus results from a gram stain

A

large gram positive rod

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6
Q

Examples of fungi genus that have yeast species

A

Candida albicans, Saccaromyces and Rhodoturula

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7
Q

How do these fungi genus that have yeast species stain?

A

Gram positive (purple) and football shaped

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8
Q

How do yeasts reproduce

A

budding

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9
Q

What is the size of yeast in micrometers ?

A

5-8

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10
Q

What is the size of cocci in micro meters

A

1

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11
Q

What does Micrococcus luteus stain

A

gram positive cocci in tetrads

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12
Q

E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginoa

A

gram negative (pink) rods

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13
Q

What does it mean if something is enriched?

A

Means something is added to the plate to enhance bacterial growth

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14
Q

What does nonselective mean?

A

It means that the media will support the growth of both gram negative and gram positive organisms

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15
Q

What does selective mean?

A

Means that the media will limit growth by the addition of dyes and antibiotics; it enhances the growth of one type/group of bacteria

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16
Q

What does differential mean?

A

The plate contains a carbohydrate or property that will allow how to distinguish between organism types

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17
Q

Describe a sheep blood plate (BAP)

A

Nonselective (bc it grows both gram +/-), enriched (bc it contains 5% sheep’s blood), differential (based on hemolysis)

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18
Q

Describe a MacConkey agar plate

A

selective (gram - ), differential (for lactose fermentation), and not enriched

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19
Q

Describe ColumbiaCNA

A

enriched (contains blood), is selective (grows gram +), and differential (hemolysis)

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20
Q

Describe Nutrient agar

A

nonselective, not enriched (no blood added), not differential (cannot see how biochemicals used)

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21
Q

Alpha (green) hemolysis

A

partial hemolysis of RBC

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22
Q

Beta hemolysis

A

clearing; total hemolysios of RBC

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23
Q

Non hemolytic

A

No change; no effect on RBC

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24
Q

Describe Chocolate Agar

A

enriched and nonselective

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25
What is a TSI (triple sugar iron) agar?
a nonselective differential slant that identifies organisms based on carb utilization
26
What is the purpose of immersion oil?
to minimize light scattering. Since light scattering is decreased, the image is clearer and sharper and has better contrast
27
As objectives increase, what decreases?
depth of field and field of view
28
Parfocal
If you are focused under on objective, you will be focused under the next with only minimal adjustment
29
Magnification
making a small object appear larger
30
Resolution
makes things look more distinct
31
Do gram stains require cover slips when viewing them under a microscope?
No but they may be used when trying to keep one for a long time
32
What is the advantage and disadvantage of a slant?
A slant is a good way to store bacteria but it is difficult to determine if the organism is mixed because of small surface area
33
What is an advantage of an agar plate?
More surface area; you can find isolated colonies
34
How can you tell if an organism is aerobic or anaerobic in a broth?
Anaerobic organisms grow towards the bottom of the tube. aerobic ogranisms grow near the top
35
What is an advantage of a broth?
It allows for rapid and large volume growth
36
What is the disadvantage of a broth?
all bacteria are mixed together
37
What is a disadvantage of an agar plate?
some bacteria prefer a liquid environment to move around whereas an agar plate limits that
38
What is hemolysis?
When RBS break open and release their contents (hemoglobin) into the surrounding fluid
39
What is a deep used for?
storage
40
What is an advantage of a deep?
It can demonstrate organism motility
41
How can you tell if a bacteria is moving in a deep?
They swim out from the stab and the deep appears cloudy
42
What tests can you use to judge the motility of a bacteria?
A deep or a wet prep
43
What is a wet prep?
sample of fluid from the body mixed with special liquid and examined under a microscope
44
What are the four culture medias used in microbiology?
a deep, a broth, a slant, and a plate
45
Which culture media can be used to gage oxygen requirements?
Broths;the bacteria either swims up or down
46
Difference between needle and a loop
a loop was used to pick up liquids and needle was used to stab media
47
Specimen
a sample of something that is taken for scientific testing
48
Depth of field
how sharp the specimen looks based on thickness
49
Aseptic technique
Procedures to minimize contmaination
50
What is a contaminant?
an unwanted substance that mixes with another substance making it impure
51
What are the 3 purposes of aseptic technique?
Maintain integrity of samples, protect workers from contamination, protects lab equipment and work space
52
At what temperature must you incubate bacteria for them to grow?
body temperature ( 35 C degrees)
53
What would happen if you incubated bacteria at room temperature?
There would be less or minimal growth
54
Escherichia coli (E.coli)
gram - (pink) rods
55
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram - rod, aerobic
56
Micrococcus luteus
large gram + cocci in tetrads
57
Why is it important to obtain isolated colonies?
One organism type needs to be shown to get an appropriate ID and sensitivity
58
How should a spill be contained?
Cover the spill with a paper towel and soak the paper towel in 10% bleach. Let it sit for 5 min
59
What is streaking used to obtain?
Isolated colonies
60
How to quantitate growth by streak?
1+ is rare to few; 2+ is few; 3+ is moderate; 4+ is many or heavy growth
61
What two types of contamination does a lab track?
% of respiratory specimens (spit has epithelial cells), % of contaminated blood cultures (skin bacteria)
62
What are the steps to a gram stain test?
Crystal violet (primary stain), Grams iodine (mordant), Ethanol (decolorizer), Saffranin (counterstain)
63
How to fix a slide?
with heat or flooding with methanol
64
Which step in the gram stain test is sensitive on time?
The decolorizing step; also easy to overdecolorize
65
What is a gram stain used for?
used to differentiate organisms based on their size and shape
66
What happens to cells in older cultures?
They die; old cells cannot retain the crystal violet iodine complex
67
Which genera do not stain easily with gram stain reagents and may appear gram variable because of this?
Actinomyes, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Mycrobacterium and Propionibacterium (acne)
68
What is the purpose of mordants?
Fixes color into the cell; intensifies the color
69
How does gram positive show purple?
Retains the iodine-crystal violet complex
70
How does gram negative show pink?
Decolorizer washes out the crystal violet; saffranin (counterstain) stains it pink
71
What is an acid fast smear?
A staining procedure which uses an increased concentration of phenol and fuchsin to dissolve the waxy cell wall
72
What is used in an acid fast smear?
carbol fuchsin, decolorizer and methylene blue
73
What color does an acid fast organism stain?
Pink; nonacid fast organisms stain blue
74
Examples of some acid fast organisms
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycbacterium leprae and nocardia
75
Whats the difference with acid fast cells?
They contain mycolic acid and have a waxy cell wall which makes them resistant to drying and disinfectants
76
What is a commensal?
A microorganism that does not cause disease and it can live in harmony with its host
77
Mycobacterium smegmatis
A gram + acid fast bacillus
78
What bacteria is one of the most known killers of the world?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
79
Rhodotorula
46 different species of yeast, found in environment and milk and juice, 3 are human pathogens
80
Saccharomyces
a yeast single celled fungus that is not uniformed in shape
81
What is the best way to look for yeast?
A gram stain
82
83
Staphylococcus Micrococcus
Gram and catalase +

Micro & Pathology (7 decks)

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