Micro Intro Flashcards
Discovered vaccine to small pox
Edward Jenner
Treatment of syphilis
Paul Ehrlich
Antibiotic Penicillin from the mold penicillium
notatum
Alexander Fleming
Linked a specific microorganism with a specific
disease
Robert Koch
Established a series of proofs that verified the
germ theory of disease
Koch’s postulate
Robert Koch
• Developed the first microscope
• Made a crude microscope to examine threads in
fabrics
• Made drawings of what he called “animalcules” in rainwater and scraped from
his teeth
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
First observations of microbes in the 1600s
Robert Hooke
found that microbes in the dust and air have
high heat resistance
John tydall
First to utilize handwashing and misting
operating rooms with antiseptic chemicals
Techniques became the foundation for modern
microbial control still in use today
Joseph lister
Showed that women became infected in the
maternity ward after examinations by physicians
who had been working in the autopsy rooms
without washing their hands
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
Observed that mothers who gave birth at home
experienced fewer infections than mothers who
gave birth in the hospital
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
What causes female infertility
Chlamydia
Three basic cell lines
Archaea Eukarya bacteria
When is the invention of PCR technique
1980s
Importance of small RNAs
2000s
Genetic identification of the human microbiome
2010s and beyond
CRISPR technology
2013
Using general principles to explain specific observations
Deductive reasoning
The process of discovering general principles by careful examination of specific cases
Making observations through experimentation
A discovery process that leads to the creation of a general principle
Inductive reasoning
A collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event
Theory
The assignment of scientific names to the various taxonomic categories and individual organisms
Nomenclature
Attempts the orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa (categories)
Classification
A combination of the genus name and the species name
The genus name is always capitalized and the species name begins with a lowercase letter
Both names should be italicized when in print or underlined when written by hand
Binomial system
The genus name can be abbreviated to save space if the genus name has already been stated
Example: Staphylococcus aureus can be abbreviated as S. aureus
Abbreviations
From most general to most specific levels of classification:
• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum or Division
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
The science of classifying biological species
Developed by Carl von Linné in the 1700s
Lays down the basic rules for classification
Establishes taxonomic categories
Used to organize all of the forms of modern and extinct life
Taxonomy
The taxonomic scheme that represents the natural relatedness between groups of living things
Phylogeny
