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Microbiology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Round to oval shape
• Uses asexual reproduction

A

Yeast cell

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2
Q

• Long, threadlike cells found in filamentous tungi or molds
• Pseudohypha: chain of yeast

A

Hyphae

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3
Q

• Some fungi can take either form dependent on growth conditions

A

Dimorphic

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4
Q

Used in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times
• Isolated from skin of grapes

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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5
Q

• Acquire nutrients from a wide variety of substrates
• All fungi are heterotrophic

A

Heterotrophic

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6
Q

Obtain substrates from dead plants and animals

A

Saprobes

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7
Q

• Live on the bodies of living animals or plants

A

Parasites

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8
Q

the woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body or colony of a mold

A

Mycelium

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9
Q

cross walls dividing hyphae into segments

A

Septa

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10
Q

fungal reproductive bodies

A

Spores

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11
Q

Types of hyphae

A

Vegetative hyphae
Reproductive hyphae
Germination

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12
Q

Formed by successive cleavages within a sporangium

A

Sporangiospores:

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13
Q

Free spores not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac

A

Conidiospores or Conidia:

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14
Q

Purpose of sexual spore formation

A

• Important variations occur when fungi of different genetic makeup combine their genetic material

• Slight variations in the form and function are potentially advantageous to the adaptation and survival of the species

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15
Q

Identification in medical specimens

A

• Isolation on special media

• Observation microscopically and macroscopically

• Asexual spore-forming structures and spores used to identify genus and species

• Hyphal type, colony texture, pigmentation, physiological characteristics, and genetic makeup

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16
Q

Pathogenic fungis

A

• Community-acquired infections caused by environmental pathogens

• Hospital-associated infections caused by fungal pathogens in clinical settings

• Opportunistic infections caused by pathogens infecting already weakened individuals like transplant, cancer, and HIV-positive patients

17
Q

Beneficial impacts of fungi

A

• Essential role in decomposing organic matter and returning essential minerals to the soil

• Form stable associations with plant roots that increase water and nutrient absorption

• Production of antibiotics, alcohol, organic acids, and vitamins

• Food flavoring

• Alcohol in beer and wine, gas that causes bread to rise

18
Q

any eukaryotic unicellular or colonial organism that lacks true tissues

A

Protists

19
Q

• Floating community of microscopic organisms

• Essential role in the aquatic food web

• Produce about 70% of the earth’s oxygen

• Primary medical threat from algae is through ingestion of toxins during a red tide (Paralytic shellfish Poisoning)

A

Plankton

20
Q

Organelles can be highly specialized into structures analogous to

A

• Mouths
• Digestive systems
• Reproductive tracts
• Legs-means of locomotion

21
Q

Nutritional habitat and range

A

• Heterotrophic and require their food in complex organic form
• Free-living species:
• Scavenge dead plant or animal debris
• Graze on live cells of bacteria and algae
• Parasitic species:
• Live on fluids of the host such as plasma and digestive juices
• May actively feed on tissues

22
Q

• Amoeboid motion
• Serve as feeding structures

A

Pseudopods (false feet)

23
Q

Vary in number from one to several

A

Flagella

24
Q

Distributed over the entire surface of the cell in characteristic patterns

A

Cilia

25
Q

• Motile feeding stage
• Requires ample food and moisture to remain active

A

Trophozoite

26
Q

• Dormant, resting stage
• Formed when conditions become unfavorable for growth and feeding
• Important factor in the spread of disease

A

Cyst

27
Q

• Simple, asexual methods, usually mitosis
• Several parasitic species reproduce by multiple fission
• Sexual reproduction also occurs

A

Protozoan reproduction:

28
Q

form of genetic exchange between two cells

A

Conjugation

Microbiology (7 decks)

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