Genitourinary

Question 1

Bacterias in Catheter-associated UTIs (CA-UTIs)

Answer 1

• Escherichia coli
- Most common causative agent
- Normal biota of the gut

• Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Found in sexually active young females

• Enterococcus

• Klebsiella can also be a cause

Question 2

Infection of the bladder
• Signs and symptoms
- Pain in the pubic area, frequent urges to
urinate, dysuria (painful urination)
- Cloudy urine or hematuria (blood in urine)

Answer 2

Cystitis

Question 3

• Infection of the kidneys

• Signs and symptoms
- Same as cystitis accompanied by back
pain and high fever

Can result in permanent damage to
kidneys

Answer 3

Pyelonephritis

Question 4

Infection of the urethra

Answer 4

Urethritis

Question 5

Predisposing factors to UTI

Answer 5

• Gender
• Mechanical factors
• metabolic disorders
• anatomical abnormalities

Question 6

Virulence factor of E. coli for uti

Answer 6

Adhesins motility

Question 7

Normal biota for male genital tract

Answer 7

Lactobacillus
Streptococcus spp.

Question 8

Normal biota for female genital tract

Answer 8

Lactobacillus
Candida albicans
Prevotella
Streptococcus

Question 9

Treatment for E. coli and S. saprophyticus in uti

Answer 9

Nitrofurantoin

Question 10

Zoonosis associated with wild and domestic
animals; long term disability and death results

Answer 10

Leptospirosis

Question 11

Phases of leptospirosis

Answer 11

Leptospirosis phase - pathogen appears in blood and csf, high fever, muscle aches, conjunctivitis
Immune phase - mild fever and head ache due to leptospiral meningitis
- Weil’s syndrome - kidney invasion

Question 12

Spirochete with tight, regular, individual coils
with a bend or hook at the end

Answer 12

Leptospira interrogans

Question 13

Treatment for Leptospira interrogans

Answer 13

Doxycycline or penicillin G
Ceftriaxone in severe disease

Question 14

Lodges in the blood vessels of the bladder

Answer 14

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 15

Target of Schistosoma haematobium

Answer 15

Invades intact skin and attaches to vascular endothelium.

Bladder

Question 16

Treatment for Schistosoma haematobium

Answer 16

Praziquantel

Question 17

Causitive agents of Vaginitis

Answer 17

Candida albicans (yeast infection)
Trichomonas

Question 18

• Dimorphic fungus
• Normal biota of on mouth, GI tract, and vagina
• Easily detectable on wet prep or gram stain
• Grows in thick, curd-like whitish colonies
• Usually opportunistic infection

Answer 18

Candida albicans

Question 19

Treatment for Candida albicans

Answer 19

Topical and oral azole drugs treat
vaginal candidiasis

Question 20

• Small, pear-shaped protozoa
• Women who become infected during pregnancy
are predisposed to premature labor and low birthweight infants
• Most common nonviral STI

Answer 20

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 21

Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 21

Metronidazole tinidazole

Question 22

• Common condition in women in childbearing
years
• Does not induce inflammation in the vagina
• Produces discharge with a fishy odor, and
itching is common
• Most likely the result of the reduction of the
lactobacilli in the vagina
• Mixed infection of Gardnerella vaginalis,
Atopobium, and Mobiluncus
- Most common cause
• Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
infertility, and ectopic pregnancy
• Not sexually transmitted but more common in
sexually active women

Answer 22

Vaginosis

Question 23

Treatment for vaginosis

Answer 23

Metronidazole
Clindamycin

Question 24

• Also known as the gonococcus
• Pyogenic, gram-negative diplococcus
• Use fimbriae to attach to mucosal epithelial cells
• Phase variation confuses immune system
• Transmitted through all forms of sexual contact
• Infection increases risk of HIV
• Different isolates are antibiotic resistant

Answer 24

Neisseria gonorrhoeae