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Step 1 > Micro bugs > Flashcards

Micro bugs Flashcards

1
Q

chocolate agar stain

A

H influenza

+ factor V (NAD+) and X (hematin)

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2
Q

Thayer-Martin agar

A

Neisseria (gonorrhea and meningitidis)
-Vancomysin (nhibits gram +)
Trimethop[rim Colistin Nystasin (inhibts fungi)
“very typically cultures Neisseria

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3
Q

Bordet Gengou agar

Rgan lowe medium

A

B pertussis

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4
Q

tellurite agat,

loffler medium

A

C Diptheria

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5
Q

Lowenstein-jenson aga

A

M tuberculosis

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6
Q

Eatan agar

A

mpneumonia-requires cholesterol

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7
Q

Maconkey

A

lactose fermentors

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8
Q

eosin methylene blue agar

A

e coli

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9
Q

charcoal yeast extract with cysteine and iron

A

legionella

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10
Q

sabaroud agar

A

fungi

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11
Q

anaerobes

A

fusobacterium clostridium bacteroides actinomyces

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12
Q

nocardia pseudomonas mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

aerobes

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13
Q

obligate intracellular

A

chlamydia rickettsia coxiella

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14
Q

faculatative intracellular

A

salmonella neisseria brucella mycobacterium listeria franciesella yersinia

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15
Q

encapsulated

A 
shine skis 
strep pneumo 
h. influ (a-f subtypes)
neisseria meningit (lipooligosaccharide capsule)
e coli (K capsule) 
salmonella (Vi capsule) 
klebsiella polysaccharide capsule 
group B strep
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16
Q

protein A

A

s aureus binds Fc region of IgG preventing opsonization and phagocytosis

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17
Q

IgA protease

A

H flu Strep pneumo neisseria

-cleaves IgA and allows mucosal colonization

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18
Q

M protein

A

s pyogenes

  • helps prevent phagopcystosis
  • implicated in rheumatic fever
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19
Q

diptheriae toxin

A

inhibits protein synthesis-inactivated elongation factor 2

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20
Q

exotoxin A

A

pseudomonas,
inhibits protein synthesis
inactivates elongation factor 2

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21
Q

shiga toxin

A

inhibits protein synthesis

inativated 60s ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

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22
Q

shiga like toxin (verotoxin)

A

EHEC
-inhibits protein synthesis
inactivated 60s ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

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23
Q

Heat Labile toxin

A

ETEC
increases fluid secretion
overacitvated adenylalte cyclase increasing cAMP
-increase Cl secretion and H20 following

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24
Q

heat stabile toxin

A

EHEC
-increases fluid secrestion
overactivated cGMP decfaeseing resorption of Nacl and H20 in the gut

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25
Q

edema toxin

A

bacillus anthracis

  • incrases fluid secretion
  • mimics adenylate cyclase increasing cAMP
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26
Q

cholera toxin

A

vibrio cholera
overacitvated adenylate cyclase increasing cAMP by permanently activating Gs subunit increasing CL secretion and H20 in the gut

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27
Q

pertussis toxin

A

Bordetella pertussis

overactivated adenylate cyclase by diabling Gi imparing phagocytopsis to permit survival of the microbe

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28
Q

tetanospamin

A

c tetani
inhibits nt release
protease that inhibits SNARE-which is required for vesicular fusion and release of NTs
-prevents GABA release

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29
Q

botulinum toxin

A

c botulinim
inhibts Nt relsease
protease that inhibts SNARE-which is required for nt release and vesicular formation
-prevents Ach release

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30
Q

alpha toxin

A

c perfringes
lyses cell membrase
phospholipase/lecithinase that degrades tissues and cell membrans

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31
Q

streptolysin A

A

s pyogenes
lyses cell membranes
(antibodies against toxin used to diagnose rheumatic fever)

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32
Q

endotoxin

A

LPS found in outer membrane of all gram -
-activates macrophages-Il1-fever, TNA alpha-fever hyp[otension, NO-hypotension
-activates complement -C3a-hypotenstion/edema
c5a-neutrophil chemotaxia
activates tissue factor-coagulation cascasde-DIC

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33
Q

bacteria with lysogenic phage

A 
shigA like toxin 
botulinum toxin 
cholera toxin 
diptheria toxin 
erythrogenic toxin of s pyogenes
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34
Q

CAMP factor production/hippurate test +

A

GBS

-produces CAMP factor and increases area of hemolysis formed by S aureus

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35
Q

superantigens

A

tss by s aureus

exotoxin A by s pyogenes

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36
Q

dextrans

A

made by s viridans-bind fibrin and platelet aggregates

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37
Q

biliary tract and subacute endocarditis

A

enterococci

group D strep

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38
Q

subacute endocarditis and colon cancer

A

s bovis

group D srep

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39
Q

elek test

A

tests c diptheriae toxin

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40
Q

spore forming bacteria

A

bacillus
clostridium
coxiella (Q fever)

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41
Q

polypeptide capsule

A

D glutamate

anthrax

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42
Q

mediastinitis, pulm hemorrhage, shock

A

b. anthrax

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43
Q

reheated rice

A

bacillus cerues
cerulide preformed toxin emetic 1-5hr
diarrhea and GI pain 8-18 hr

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44
Q

cold deli meat

A

listeria
intracellular
“rocket tails”
tumbling mobility

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45
Q

only gram + that has endotoxin

A

listeria

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46
Q

yellow sulfur granules

A

actinomyces

  • oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinus tracts, sulfur granules
    tx: penicllin
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47
Q

cord factor

A

in virulent mycobacteria

-inhibits macrophage maturation and induces release of tna alpha

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48
Q

m scrofulaceum

A

cervical lymphadenitis in kids

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49
Q

m marinum

A

hand infection in aquarium handlers

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50
Q

pneumonia with hyponatremia

A

legionella

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51
Q

pyocyanin

A

green-blue pigment produced by pseudomonas

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52
Q

ecthyma gangrenosum

A

rapidly progressive necrotic cutaneous lesion baused by pseudomonas

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53
Q

burn victims

A

pseudomonas

54
Q

CF

A

pseudomonas

-mucoid polysaccharide

55
Q

hot tub folliculitis

A

pseudomonas

56
Q

EIEC

A

invasive E coli like shigella

57
Q

ETEC

A

produces heat stabile and heat labile toxines-travelers diarrhea, watery

58
Q

EPEC

A

adheres to apical surface

in pediatrics

59
Q

EHEC

A

shiga toxin producing 0157:H7
-hemolytic uremic syndrome
-acute renal failre, anemia, thrombocytopenia
microthombi on damaged endothelium
-
-non sorbital fermenting (differentiates it from other ecoli)

60
Q

asp pneumonia, abscess in lung and liver, alcoholics, diAbetics

A

klebsiellaaaa

-lobar or upper pneumonia

61
Q

currante jelly sputum

A

kelbsiella

62
Q

K 1 polysaccharide capsule

A

e coli-pneumonia

63
Q

fimbriae

A

e coli

uti

64
Q

rose spots on abdomen, constipation, abdominal pain, fever

A

typhoid fever
salmonella thyphoid
-can invade gallbladder and cause carrier state-excreted with bile in feces

65
Q

Vi capsule

A

salmonella typhi (im vaccine has Vi capsular polysacchardie)

66
Q

beta hemolytic

A

s aureus
listeria
gas s pyogenes
gbs s agalactiae

67
Q

key to shigella pathogenicity

A

invasion

-even if produce little to no toxin still virleunt

68
Q

spirochetes

A

borrelia (big), leptospira and treponema

69
Q

weil disease

A

icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis

-jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfunction, fever, hemorrhage and anemia

70
Q

water contaminated with animal urine

A

leptospirosis-flulike symptoms, myalgia (calves), jaundice, photophobia with conjunctival suffusion (erythema with no exudate,) surfers and in tropics

71
Q

maculopapular rash wtih constitutional symptoms, on palsm and soles, condylomata lata

A

secondary syphilis

72
Q

latent syphillis

A

+ serology with no symptoms

73
Q

gummas
aortitis
tabes dorsalis

A

chronic granulomas
vasa vasorum destruction
+ argyll robertson pupil-consticts with accomodation but nonreactive to light
-borad based ataxia, + romberg, charcot joints, stroke without htn
TERTIARY syphillis

74
Q

rhagades (linear scars at angle of mouth,) nasal discharge, saddle nose, notched teeth, mulberry molars, short maxilla, saber shins CN VIII deafness

A

congenital syphillis

75
Q

jarisch herxheimer reaction

A

flu-like syndrome after antibiotics are started-due to killed bacteria (usually spirochetes) releasing endotoxins

76
Q

monocytes with morulae in cytoplasm

A

erlichiosis

tick vector

77
Q

granulocytes with morulae in cytoplasm

A

anaplasmosis

tick is vector

78
Q

Q fever

A

pneumonia
coxiella burnetii (no arthropod vector)
-inhaled as aeorsols from cattle/sheep
-culture - endocarditis

79
Q

most common cause of culture negative endocartitis

A

coxiella burnetii

80
Q

chlamydia A,B,C

A

chronic,

cause blindness in Africa due to follicular conjunctivits

81
Q

chlamydia D-K

A

urethritis, PID

82
Q

chlamydia L1, L2, L3

A

lymphogranuloma venereum

-samll; painless ulcers on genitals

83
Q

cold agglutinis

A 
mycoplasma oneumonia
walking pneumonia
military recturits 
can lyse RBCs grow on eaton agar 
can ccause SJS 
joint pain 
no cell wall-phosphplipid bilauer
84
Q

india ink mucicarmine

A

cyrptococcus

85
Q

rhinocerebral/frontal lobe abscesses, cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

mucor and rhizopus

-in diabetic pts

86
Q

chorioretinitis hydrocephalous intracranial calcifications

A

congenital toxo

-cysts in meat oocytes in cat feces

87
Q

enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, coma

A

african sleeping sickness

  • due to trypanosoma brucie
  • caused by tsetse fly-painful bite
88
Q

48 hr cycle with dormant form

A

p vivax/ovale
hypnozoite dormant form in liver
-add primaquine to treatment for hypnozoite

89
Q

severe/irregular malaria cycle

A

p. falciparum
-severe irregular patterns, parasitized RBCs-cerebral malaria in capillaries, kidneys, lungs
-

90
Q

malarial 72 hr cycle

A

p. malariae

-

91
Q

schuffner stippling

A

red granules in RBC seen in P vivax/ovale

92
Q

malaria treatment

A 
chloroquine (blocks heme polymerase)
-if resistant use mefloquine/atovaquone/proguanil
if life threatening 
-iv quinidine, artesunate 
if Pvivax/ovale
add primaquine for hypnozoite
93
Q

unilateral periorbital swellin

A 
romana signs
chagas 
trypansoma cruzi 
reduviid bug 
tx benznidazole or nifurtimox
94
Q

visceral leishmaniasis

A

spiking fevers, HSM, pancytopenia
sandfly bus
-macrophages with amastigotes

95
Q

green vag dc

A

trichomonas vaginalic (vs gardinella (BV)white dc)
-strawberry cervix
trophozoites(motile) on wet mount

96
Q

intestinal infection with ileocecal valve obstruction

A

ascaris lumbricoides

-tx bendazole

97
Q

intestinal infection that may feel like PUD

A

stronglyoides

-tx bendazole

98
Q

anal pruritus

A

enterobius vermicularis

-tx bendazoles

99
Q

intestinal infection with anemia

A

ancylostoma duodenalse, necator americanus
-hookworms
tx bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

100
Q

fecer vomiting nausea periorbital edema myalgia

A

trichinois-eat undercooked meat-pork

  • trichinella spiralis
  • larva enter eintestine and bloodsteram an dencyst in striated muscle cells
101
Q

hyperpigmented skin and river blindess

A

onchocera volvulus

  • female blackfly bite
  • tx ivermectine (ivermectin for river blindness)
102
Q

swellin g in skin, workm in conjunctiva

A

loa loa

  • deer fly, horse fly, mango fly
  • tx: diethylcarbamazine
103
Q

elephantitis

A

worms block lymph vessles

  • female mosquito
    tx: dietthylcarbamazine
104
Q

viscieral larva migrans

A

toxocara canis

tx bendazoles

105
Q

t solium/d latum/

A

neurocystocercosis
b12 def-megaloblastic anemia
tx: praziquanteal

106
Q

hydatid cysts in liver

A

echinococcus granlusos-must inject cyst with ethanol or hyp[ertonic saline before resection

  • (tapeworm like d latum and t solium)
  • tx albendazole
107
Q

painless hematuria and pulm htn

A

schistomsoma
-s mansoni
s haematobium-scc of the bladder
tx: praziquantel

108
Q

pigmented gallstones

A 
clonorchis sirence 
-undercooked fish 
-biliary tract inflammation leading to pigmented gallstones 
cholangiocarcinoma 
tx: praziquantel
109
Q

live vax

A 
small pox
yellow fever
rotavirus 
chicken pox 
sabin polio virus 
MMR 
influenza
110
Q

killed vax

A

rabies
influenza
salk polio
HAV vax

111
Q

high fever, black vomitus, jaundice

councilman bodies

A

yellow fever virus
-flavivirus
councilman bodies: eosinohpilic apoptotic globules on liver biopsy

112
Q

most impt cause of infantile gastroenteritis

A

rotavirus
-dsRNA (reovirus)
in daycare centers, kindergartens

113
Q

hemagglutinin

A

inflenza-promotes viral entry

114
Q

neuramidase

A

promotes progeny virion release

115
Q

genetic shift

A

reassortment of viral genome segments

-causes pandemics

116
Q

genetic drift

A

minor changed based on random mutation in hemagglutinin or neuramindase genes
-causes epidemics

117
Q

postauricular lyphadenopathy

A

rubella virus

118
Q

surface F

A

fursion protein in paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza, rsv, measles, mumps) causes resp endothelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated giant cells
-palivizumab is monoclonal antibpdy against this given to neonates

119
Q

SSPE

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

  • occurs years after measles infection
  • cough, corysa, koplik spots,
120
Q

complications of measles

A

pnuemonia,SSPE, encephalitis

121
Q

parotitis orchitis meningitis

A

mumps-paramyxovirus

122
Q

negri bodies

A

cytoplasmic inclusions

found in purkinje cells of injected rabies virus

123
Q

councilman bodies

A

in yellow fever virus and hepatitis

124
Q

env

A 
gp120/gp41
-formed from cleavage of gp160
-envelope glycoproteins 
gp120 attaches to CD4+ T cell 
gp 41 necessary for fusion and entry
125
Q

gag

A

p 24-capsid protein

126
Q

pol

A

reverse transcriptase, synthesizes DNA from RNA dsDNA integrates into host genome

127
Q

PDA cataracts deafness

A

congenital rubella

128
Q

periventricular calcifications hearing loss seizures petechial rash

A

CMV congenital

129
Q

intracellular bacteria

A

chlamydia legionella listeria mycobacterium neisseria nocardia rickettsia salmonella

130
Q

fitz high curtis syndrome

A

PID leading to infection of the liver capsule and violin string adhesions of the peritoneum to the liver

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