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Boards II > Micro 2 > Flashcards

Micro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial Fungal Infection

  • location
  • type of fungi
  • tinea versicolor:
A
  • outter most part of skin
  • epidermophyton
  • caused by pituriasis versicolor, pink splotchy rach on trunk, pvergrowth of normal skin yeast, treated with topical anti-fungal
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2
Q

Cutaneous

  • location
  • trichophytan
  • microsporum
  • tinea
  • onychomycosis
A
  • deeper then superficial
  • athletes foot, ring worm, josk
  • tinea capitis, corporus, ringworm
  • name of group of skin disorders caused by fungus and described by location of infection
  • fungal infection of nailbed; trichophyton rubrum or trychopyton mentagrophytes
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3
Q

Subcutaenous Mycoses

  • location
  • injury
  • where are fungi found
  • require
A
  • deeper to cutaenous, through subcutaneous fat into muscle or fascia
  • penetrating trauma
  • in soil
  • surgical debridement
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4
Q

Systemic Mycoses

  • location
  • types
  • patho: name them, differences, similarities
  • opportunistic: name them
A
  • throughout body
  • pathogenic or opportunistic
  • blastomyces, cocciodes, histoplasmosis, paracocciodes; location; dimorphic; azole for localized and ampho b for systemic
  • candida albicans, aspergillus, crypto neoformans, mucor and rhizopus; immuno compromised or pts on antibiotics for long time
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5
Q

Coccidiomycosis

  • location
  • sxs
  • disseminated
  • tx
A
  • southwest US and Northwest Mx; sits in soil and when there is rain it will get picked up and then you can inhale it
  • mild flu-like dx (valley fever) or severe pneumonia like dx -> fever, cough, CP, (in immuno compromised)
  • in immuno compromised -> will cause meningitis
  • only for severe; ampho B and fluconazole
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6
Q

Histoplasmosis

  • location
  • associated w
  • transmission
  • sxs immuno competent
  • sxs immuno compromised
  • disseminated sxs
A
  • Missisippi and Ohio river valley
  • bird and bat droppings
  • inhaled
  • mild pulm sxs
  • acute pulmonary phase (cough, SOB) which can turn into chronic phase that resembles TB
  • HSM, macular degeneration, ulcerated lesion on tongue
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7
Q

Blastomycosis

  • location
  • associated w
  • histo details
  • transmission
  • sxs immunocompetent
  • sxs immunocompromised
  • disseminated sxs
  • primary cutaneous: caused by
A
  • northeast USA
  • pigeon and rotting wood
  • broad based budding
  • inhalation
  • mild
  • pneumonia which can progress to ARDS -> 89% mortality; cutaneous lesions, ulcers
  • prostatitis, CNS involvement,
  • penetrating trauma
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8
Q

Paracoccidiomycosis

  • location
  • histo details
  • transmission
  • immuno compromised sxs
  • tx
A
  • rural latin america
  • ship wheel appearance
  • inhalation
  • lobar pneumonia and affect mucus membranes
  • ampho B and flucytosine; sulfs drugs also work and are cheaper and less side effects
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9
Q

Candida albicans

  • shape
  • thrush
  • esophagitis
  • vaginal
  • disseminated
  • chronic mucocutaneous
A
  • germ tube at 37 degrees nut can develop psudo hyphae with change in temp
  • oral infection -> inhaled steroids for asthma, kids, HIV +; nystatin
  • HIV +; make sure to test if this is seen
  • in blood; very dangerous
  • caused by t cell defect -> candida on mucousal surfaces, skin and nails
  • azole
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10
Q

Vaginitis

  • Bacterial Vaginosis: ph, odor, micro, discharge, classified as
  • trich vaginitis: ph, odor, micro, sxs, discharge, classified as
  • candida: ph, micro, sxs, discharge, seen in
A
  • ph > 4.5; fishy odor; clue cells; thin, gray discharge; STD
  • ph > 4.5; musty odor; motile trich on saline prep; pain with intercourse, inflammation burning; frothy green discharge, STD
  • pH<4.5; psudohyphae; pain with intercourse, inflammation, burning, itching; curdy and white; diabetes, on steroids, pregnant
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11
Q

Aspergillus

  • histo
  • flavus
  • fumigatus
  • bronchopulm aspergillosis
  • aspergilloma
  • invasive
A
  • branches at 45 degree angle
  • produces aflatoxin; moldy hay or grain; hepatic cirrhosis, HCC
  • in immunocompromised can develop allergic bronchopulm aspergillosis and aspergilloma
  • exagerated response to presence of fungus -> lots of inflammation and mucus production); put on steroid and then given azole
  • fungus ball; grows in a lung cavity -> must have hx of tb; chronic cough; removed surgically
  • in immunocompromised -> goes to kidney, heart. liver or paranasal sinuses
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12
Q

Cryptococcus

  • found in
  • histo, stain
  • found in
  • testing
  • sxs
  • tx
A
  • bird droppings
  • encapsulated, round yeast with narrow budding, does not stain with india ink
  • immuno compromised
  • latex agglutination test
  • meningitis in aids pt
  • 2 wks ampho B and fluconazole, then fluconazole until CD4 back up above 400
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13
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus

  • infection called
  • seen in
  • affects
  • tx
A
  • mucormycosis
  • diabetics
  • mucus membranes in sinuses
  • ampho B
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14
Q

Pneumocystis Jiroveci

  • causes
  • staining
  • exudate
  • dx
  • prophylaxis
A
  • pneumonia in pts w/ AIDs that have CD4 under 200
  • pink granular
  • lung biopsy or lavage; - silver stain
  • prophylaxis with tmp-sulfa once below 200
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15
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

  • also called
  • found
A
  • rose gardeners dx
  • tree bark, shrubs, soil, garden plants
  • cause redness where punctured and move to LN where causes inflammation
  • multinucleated giant cells, schitocytes and PMNs
  • itraconazole or ampho b
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16
Q

PIE Syndrome

  • allergic bronchopulm dysplasia
  • churg strauss
  • loefflers
A
  • pulm infiltrate w/ eosinophilia
  • type 1 pnuemocytes destroyed by eosinophils
  • lungs and polyarthritis
  • parasitic infection causes eosinophilis accumulation in lungs
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17
Q

Anti fungal meds

  • polyenes
  • azole
  • antibiotics
  • allylamine
  • thiocarbamate
  • antimetabolite
A
  • nystatin and ampho B -> punch holes in cell membrane for water to come in; nephrotoxic, hypo kalemia and magnesemia
  • inhibit ergosterol synthesis
  • griseofulvin -> binds to tubulin and inhibits mitoses
  • terbinafine -> inhibit squalene to lanosterol -> inhibits formation of ergosterol
  • tolnafate; same MOA as terbinafine
  • flucytosine; inhbibits conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU so U cant go to T
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18
Q

Parasite Drugs

  • metronidazole: MOA, indications
  • lindane: MOA, indications
  • mebendazole: MOA, indications, AE
  • praziquantel: MOA, indications
  • thiabendazole: MOA, indication, AE
  • Ivermectin: MOA, indication, AE
  • Pyrantel Pamoate: MOA, indication, AE
A
  • cytotoxic; giardia and trich; GI discomfort if taken with alcohol
  • causes seizure of parasite; scabies
  • interrupts MT; roundworms; GI distress
  • intracellular Ca loss -> paralysis of parasite; schistozoma
  • inhibits mito fumurate reductase -> turns it into succinate -> disrupts normal metabolism; mult, parasitic infections, strongyloides; hepatotoxic, CNS disturbance, flu sxs
  • glutamate channel anatgonist -> hyperpolarization -> paralysis; onchocerca, strongyloides; rash, pruritis, fever
  • depolarizing NM blocking agent -> paralysis; roundworm, hook worm; GI upset
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19
Q

Schistosomiasis

  • categorization
  • host
  • transmission
  • sequalae
  • TX
A
  • Liver flukes
  • snails; release free swimming larvae
  • penetrate bottom of foot
  • liver Ca, SCC of bladder; genital sores; HSM; can invade brain and spinal cord -> paralysis
  • praziquantel: intracellular Ca loss -> paralysis of parasite
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20
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans

  • category
  • causes
  • occurs
  • sxs
  • tx
A
  • Liver flukes
  • dermatosis
  • if walking barefoot on beach, southern US
  • string under skin, pruritic -> break skin and get secondary infection
  • thiabendizole -> inhibits fumarate reductase
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21
Q

Chlonorchis sinesis

  • category
  • transmission
  • sxs
  • sequelae
  • tx
A
  • Liver flukes
  • eating contaminated fluke
  • asymptomatic, but make way to extra hepatic biliary tree where it causes inflammation; elevated alk phos, jaundice, weight loss, diarrhea
  • cholangio carcinoma
  • praziquantel: intracellular Ca loss -> paralysis of parasite
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22
Q

Paragominus westermani

  • category
  • transmission
  • patho
  • location and patho
  • sxs
  • disseminated
  • tx
A
  • Liver flukes
  • consume contaminated crab meat -> leaves GI tract, travel through peritoneum, through diaphragm and get into lung
  • stimulates inflammatory response in lung -> grnaulation tissue forms and capsule forms over fluke -> cycles of capsule ulcerating and then healing
  • cough and hemoptysis
  • disseminated can go to spinal cord and cause paralysis or to heart and cause death
  • praziquantel: intracellular Ca loss -> paralysis of parasite
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23
Q

T solium

  • category
  • transmission
  • location
  • sheds, transmission
  • neurocytercycosis: what is it, tx
  • tx for uncomplicated
A
  • tape worm
  • eating under cooked pork
  • lives in GI, can grow very big ->
  • in feces, fecal/oral
  • caused by eating cysts which then go to brain -> lesion in brain that causes massive inflammation -> steroid and albendazole
  • prazequantel: intracellular Ca loss -> paralysis of parasite
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24
Q

Echinococcus

  • category
  • transmission
  • sxs
  • tx: surgery
  • tx: med
A
  • tape worm
  • found in dog feces; fecal/oral
  • causes solitary cyst in liver w/ egg shell calcification
  • cyst contain antigens that can lead to anaphylaxis -> inject cyst with EtOH or salin first to kill antigen and then surgically remove cyst
  • albendazole -> MT interruption
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25
Q

Ancylostoma Duodenale

  • category
  • transmission
  • sxs
  • eliminated in
  • tx
  • location
A
  • hook worm
  • hooks onto skin then get into circulation then goes to heart then goes to lungs then ascends up trachea to pharynx then swallowed and goes into GI where it will hook into intestines
  • iron deficiency anemia bc lives off blood
  • eliminted in 1-2 years
  • albendazole or mebendazole -> MT interruption
  • everywhere -> old world
26
Q

Necatar Americanus

  • category
  • similar to
  • same
  • location
A
  • hook worm
  • ancylostoma
  • sxs and tx
  • americas -> new world
27
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

  • category
  • transmission
  • sxs
  • test
  • tx
A
  • pinworm
  • fecal oral
  • perianal pruritis -> eggs will be laid on perianal skin
  • scotch tape test -> removes eggs from perianal region
  • mebendazole -> MT interruption or pyrantel pampate -> depolarizing NM blocking agent
28
Q

Ascris Lumbricoides

  • what is it
  • transmission
  • route in body
  • eliminated
  • tx
  • lives on
A
  • giant roundworm
  • fecal-oral
  • consume eggs, eggs in GI tract, absorbed by GI tract and goes into mesenteric circulation, makes way to heart, then into lungs, ascend to pharynx and then swallow,
  • eliminated in 1-2 yrs
  • mebendazole _> MT interruption or pyrantel pampate -> depolarizing NM blocking agent
  • lives on partially digested food not blood so will not get iron deficiency anemia
29
Q

Strongyloides

  • category
  • transmission
  • route in body
  • sxs GI, pulm, derm
  • tx
A
  • round worm -> thread worm
  • soil, come in through feet
  • get into circulation up into pharynx, swallow
  • abd pain and diarrhea, when in lung will get loeffler syndrome, rash on hips, waist buttocks
  • ivermectin -> glutamate channel anatgonist -> paralysis or albendazole + thiabendazole -> inhibits MT
30
Q

Trichinella

  • category
  • transmission
  • when do sxs occur
  • host
  • transient host
  • sxs from larvae
  • pathogenesis once eggs laid
  • sxs from eggs
  • CNS trichinosis
  • heart
  • tx
A
  • round worm
  • undercooked pork
  • 2 wks of consuming contaminated meat
  • rodent
  • larvae in muscles of pig-> east meat -> larvae hatch in GI
  • diarrhea
  • eggs will go into GI, into circulation to muscles
  • facial edema, severe myalgia if larvae in muscle
  • mortality of 50%, headahce, deaf, parasis
  • heart failure and arrythmias
  • thiabendazole -> MT inhibition
31
Q

Loa Loa

  • category
  • transmission
  • location
  • called
  • causes, crawls
  • tx
A
  • round worm
    deer fly
  • western africa
  • african eye worm
  • inflammation of skin and can crawl across eye
  • diethylcarbamazine -> inhibit AA -> makes it more susceptible to immune sxs
32
Q

Dracunculus medinensis

  • category
  • also called
  • location
  • transmission
  • pathway through body / sxs
  • tx: meds, alt
A
  • round worm
  • guinea worm
  • eastern and western africa
  • contaminated water
  • leaves GI tract through small perforation -> enters into retroperitoneum -> male dies and female migrates to LE to try and leave body -> as it works way to surface of skin will cause blister -> worm will work way out of blister
  • niridazole -> phosphofurctokinase inhibitor; CNS tox; instead tries to get stick and wrap worm around stick for a couple days to pull worm out
33
Q

Toxocara

  • category
  • transmission
  • sxs
  • sequlae
  • tx
A
  • round worm
  • cat and dog -> fecal oral route
  • asymptomatic
  • form granuloma in heart, lungs, liver, and retina
  • diethylcarbamazine -> inhibits AA
34
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

  • category
  • transmission
  • sxs
  • nodding syndrome
  • tx
A
  • round worm
  • female blackfly
  • infectionus blindness
  • seen in children 5-15 yrs old -> growth retardation and seizures
  • ivermectin -> glutamate antagonist -> paralysis
35
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

  • category
  • transmission
  • sxs
  • tx single
  • tx double
A
  • round worm
  • female mosquito
  • lymphatic blockage -> causes lymph edema -> swelling all the way to foot (foot spared in DVT) -> fibrosis of skin subcuaneous tissue -> skin lichenform and fibrotic
  • diethylcarbamazine
  • ivermectin -> glutamate antagosit -> paralysis + diethyl or albendazole -> MT inhibitor
36
Q

Toxoplasmosis

  • category
  • associated w
  • transmission
  • sxs pregnancy
  • sxs HIV
  • tx
A
  • protozoa
  • cat feces
  • most commonly through food
  • if pregnant person comes into contact then will usually cause miscarriage or still born; if previously exposed then antibodies will cross placenta and baby will be okay
  • HIV pt gets toxo will go to CN and cause ring enhancing lesion of parietal lobe
  • pyramethamine and sulfadiazine
37
Q

Naegleria Fowleri

  • category
  • location
  • transmission
  • causes
  • prognosis
  • tx: MOA, SE
A
  • protozoa
  • freshwater
  • goes through nose into cribiform plate
  • meningioencephalitis
  • 2-3 days max
  • miltefosine -> induces apoptosis; diarrhea and arthritis
38
Q

Trypansosoma Brucei

  • category
  • types
  • transmission
  • causes
  • when do sxs occur with gam
  • hemolytic phase: sxs
  • neuro phase: sxs
  • tx: 2, MOA
A
  • protozoa
  • gambiense (95% cases, western and central africa) and rhodesience (5% eastern and central africa -> sxs are in wks to months)
  • Tse tse fly
  • african sleeping sickness
  • months to years for sxs to develop and dx will be more advanced by time sxs occur
  • headache, fever, joint pain, pruritis, winterbottoms sign -> enlargement of LN in posterios cervial chain
  • ataxia, confusion, sleep cycle disturbances
  • IV eflornithine -> inhibits ornithine decarboxylase -> inhibits cell growth and melarsoprol -> affects normal cell metabolism
39
Q

Acanthomoeba

  • category
  • what does it do to eye
  • sxs neuro
  • transmission
  • tx keratitis
  • tx encephalitis
A
  • protozoa of eye
  • eat through cornea -> keratitis (eye pain, tearing, photophobia, foreign body sensation in eye)
  • encephalitis -> mental status changes, seizure, hemiparesis
  • leaving dirty contact in eye
  • chlorohexidine
  • pentamidine, azole, sulfadiazine and flucytosine
40
Q

Erlichosis

  • category
  • transmission
  • micro
  • sxs
  • tx
A
  • protozoa
  • ticks
  • gram -, resembles rickettsia
  • headache, muscle ache, fatigue; 5-14 days after tick bite
  • doxycycline
41
Q

Tryoanosoma Cruzii

  • category
  • causes
  • transmission
  • destroys: sxs, GI, esophageal, GU
  • heart problems
A
  • protozoa of heart
  • chagas dx
  • reduuvid bug
  • destroys myenteric plexus -> PS denervation -> achalasia (failure of relaxaion of LES; chronic dysphagia and paradoxical dysphagia), mega colon, mega ureter
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
42
Q

Giardia Lamblia

  • category
  • causes
  • seen in
  • transmission
  • patho
  • igA def
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • protozoa of GI
  • bloating and foul smelling diarrhea
  • campers / hikers
  • drinking contaminated water
  • adhere to intestinal brush border and causes inflammatory response
  • pt with IgA deficiency predisposed to get chronic giardiasis
  • cysts in stool or trophozoites in stool
  • metronidazole
43
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

  • category
  • transmission
  • causes
  • time frame
  • sxs
  • tx
A
  • protozoa of GI
  • fecal oral
  • from GI through mesenteric sxs to liver -> liver abcesses
  • show up 8-20 wks after exposure
  • abd pain, fever, chills
  • metronidazole
44
Q

Cryptosporidium

  • category
  • what does it cause in AIDS pts
  • what does it cause in immuno competent pts
A
  • protozoa of GI
  • life threatening diarrhea in AIDS pts -> causes severe dehydration -> electrolyte imbalances
  • self limiting
  • symotomatic mgmnt
45
Q

Trich vaginalis

  • category
  • causes
  • tx
A
  • protozoa of GU
  • vaginitiis
  • metro
46
Q

Leishmaniasis

  • caused by
  • braziliensis
  • donovani
  • tx
A
  • bite from sand fly
  • affects skin of face and nose, eats away at face
  • invade macrophages, fever chills and anmeia, then develop HSM and leukopenia,
  • stibogluconate -> inhibits glycolysis or ampho B or miltefizine
47
Q

Babeisosis

  • category
  • location
  • reproduces
  • sxs
  • sxs in severe cases
  • tx
  • life threatening tx
A
  • protozoa of blood
  • east coast
  • inside RBC;maltese cross -> budding off in 4 directions,
  • asymtpomatic, mild fever +/- anemia
  • high fever, shaking shills, hemolytic anemia
  • mild cases self limited; severe use azithromycin and atovaquone
  • exchange transfusion bc of hemolysis
48
Q

Malaria

  • category
  • transmission
  • life cylce: liver, RBC
  • when do sxs occur
  • plasmodium: incidence, sxs, recurrence rate, kidney side effects, prognosis, tx
  • vivax and ovale: RBC interaction, how to relapse, sxs, tx, vivax sequlae
  • falciparum: prognosis; replication - where, time frame; hemolysis sequelae; sequlae; tx
  • tx: 1st line, 2nd line, 3rd line,
A
  • protozoa of blood
  • female anopheles mosquito transmitting sporozoite
  • sporozoite goes to liver and reproduces creating merozoite -> merozoite move into blood and infect RBC -> merizoite will form trophozoite forming schizoite (RBC + malaria partles inside) -> RBC lyse and release malaria
  • when malaria is released; fever and chills
  • most common strain; quartan malaria -> fever spike every 3 days; high recurrence rate; can cause nephrotic syndrome; considered mildest form but if untreated then cause chronic infection that will last lifetime; tx w/ chloroquine
  • go to immature RBC; can form hepnazoite leading to relapse; both give fever spikes every 2 days; treated with chloroquine and primaquine; vivax can cause splenic rupture;
  • deadliest form; multiplies rapidly in blood -> anemia; can also cause thrombosis and darkening of urine; most resistant and can cause multi system organ failure; quanide
  • artemacinin -> used for falciparum; 2nd line is chloroquine; then malarone and proguanil
49
Q

Riskettsia

  • location
  • transmission
  • sxs
  • tx
  • typhus
  • typhi: transmission, causes
  • prowazekii: transmission, causes
  • tsutsuhamuchi: transmission, causes
  • akari: transmission, causes
A
  • delaware, maryland, carolinas
  • tick bite
  • rash that starts on hands and feet and then goes to trunk
  • doxycycline or chlormaphenicol
  • fever, rash, confusion, myalgia, abd pain
  • flea borne -> typhus
  • louse borne -> typhus
  • chigger -> scrub typhus
  • mite -> rickettsial pox (rash that progresses to vessicle)
50
Q

Leptospira

  • category
  • transmission
  • occupation
  • 1st phase
  • 2nd phase
  • Wilde dx
  • Tx
A
  • spirochete
  • urine of rats and mice
  • sewage workers
  • flu like sxs: headache, fever, chills, myalgias
  • meningitis
  • jaundice, renal failure, meningitis, encephalitis
  • doxycycline; steroids if pt has meningitis
51
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi

  • category
  • causes
  • transmission
  • phase 1:
  • Phase 2:
  • phase 3
  • tx
  • pregnant pts
A
  • spirochete
  • lyme dx
  • ixodes tick
  • localized; days to weeks; flu sxs with target rash (erythema chronica migran)
  • early disseminated, weeks to months; bells palsy or AV block
  • months to years; rare -> pt normally treated before; asymmetric arthritis, acute encephalopathy, memory loss
  • doxycycline
  • amoxicillin or cefaroxine or ceftriaxone
52
Q

Borrelia Recurrentis

  • category
  • transmission
  • time frame
  • sxs: cycle
  • tx
A
  • spirochete
  • bitten by louse
  • incubation 7 days
  • spike a fever (39-40 degrees centigrade) lasts 3 days, fever breaks, go 7 days feeling well, then relapse of fever, 2-3 relapses
  • doxycycline
53
Q

Genetics

  • reassortment: what is it, responsible for, causes
  • recomination: what is it, responsible for, influenza
  • complementation: what is it, ex
  • pheno mixing: what is it
A
  • 2 viruses infect at same time and progeny will have markers from both viruses; responsible for antigenic shift -> 2 or more strains of virsu combine to make new subtype; causes pandemics
  • 2 viruses infect at same time and there is splicing of genetic material; so only 1 little part of DNA will be from 1 of viruses and rest will be from 2nd virus -> causes a marker that is part from 1 virus and part the other virus; responsible for antigenic drift: when viral genome mutates to make new antigens, prevents immune system from recognizing mutated virus; reason we have to get flu shot every year bc Ig from last year wont recognize virus from this year
  • mutation in 1 virus and needs to infect at time of 2nd virus in order to be able to replicate; hep B and D
  • 2 viruses infect at same time and progeny have DNA from virus 1 but outer coating of virus 2 -> grandkids of these progeny will go back to normal
54
Q

Classifying Viruses

  • Nucleic Acid
  • capsid
  • enveloped
A
  • DNA or RNA
  • helical or iosohedrin
  • lipid protein coat or naked
55
Q

DNA viruses

  • most are
  • exceptions
  • enveloped
  • naked
A
  • double stranded w/ icosahedral symmetry and replicate in nucleus
  • parvo is single stranded, pox replicates in cytoplasm
  • herpes, hepadna, pox
  • adeno, parvo
56
Q

RNA viruses

  • most are
  • reovirus
  • naked
  • retro and orthomyo
  • bullet shapes
  • positive strand
  • negative stand
A
  • single stranded, helical symmetry, envelop, replicate in cytoplasm
  • double standed
  • reo, picorna
  • replicate in nucleus
  • rabies
  • looks like mRNA and can be transcribed immediately
  • must be transcribed into mRNA by RNA dependent RNA polymerase
57
Q

Generic viral life cycle

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
A
  • attachment and penetration (endocytosis or fusion of envelop of virus) ->
  • uncoating (amantadine for flu)
  • synthesis and assembly of viral proteins
  • release of new virus from cell
58
Q

Stages of infection

  • asymptomatic
  • eclipse period
  • symptomatic period
A
  • invasion and adhesion
  • penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly –> virus is locked inside cell so no virus in blood or markers in blood, but may see fatigue bc ATP is being used for viral assembly
  • when newly formed viruses released from host cell; fever, malaise, etc
59
Q

Hepatitis A

  • histo
  • caused by
  • sxs
  • tx
A
  • eosinophilic staining, anucleate , balooning degeration
  • contaminated shrimp or water
  • gastroenteritis
  • non self limited
60
Q

Hep E

  • sxs
  • pregnancy
  • transmission
A
  • gastroeneteritis
  • mortalitly at 73% for mom
  • contaminated water
61
Q

Hep B phases

  • proliferative phase
  • integrative phase
  • histo
  • infectivity measured by
  • acutely infected
  • window period
  • after window period
  • vaccination, immunization
  • immune
  • chronic hepatitis
A
  • antigen processed by APC and express surface antigen and class antigen on MHC I -> activate CD8 -> respond by destroying infected hepatocytes
  • hep B DNA gets put into host genome of hepatocytes that survived the initial phase -> hepatocytes stop being destroyed by immune sxs -> when antibodies appear in blood
  • necrosis between cetral v and hepatic triad in periphery
  • HBsAg, Anti-HBs, and anti-HB core (IgM)
  • HBs ag and anti-HB core IgM
  • 6 months after being infected, Anti HB core and no Ag
  • have Anti-HBs, Anti HBe and anti HB core IgG
  • only HBs Ag; and HBs antibody
  • core antibody and surface antibody
  • surface antigen and core antibody IgG

Boards II (20 decks)

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