micro 2 Flashcards

Question

WNV

Answer 1

Flaviridae crow-> mosquito-> humans/horses (dead ends) encephalopathy 1% -meningitis, encephalitis, post infection tremor, others non-specific fever 21% DX: IgM elisa, pcr

Answer 2

``` flaviridae Hemorrhagic dengue fever: break bone disease -rash, fever, intense muscle/joint px -masks more rare diseases in tropics Dengue hemorrhagic fever -frequently lethal -2nd dengue type cross reaction (AB dependent enhancement) ```

Answer 3

flavividae Hemorrhagic Initial phase (non-specific) -fever, HA, chills, back px, decreased appetite, N/V Toxic phase (visceral; 15%) -hemorrhagic fever, jaundice, cardiovascular shock Vaccine- live attenuated

Answer 4

``` Related to G-, LPS endoflagella treponema-syphilis leptospira borrelia- relapsing fever and Lyme disease ```

Answer 5

``` flaviviridae Hep C, "non a non b" hepatitis highest risk of transmission IV drug use usually chronic-> twenty years to have symptoms (cirrhosis, HCC) screening -every body 1945-1965 -if Elisa +-> RT-PCR confirmation CD8+ tcell mediated viral titer variable, AB response is slow ```

Answer 6

``` enveloped, +RNA, icosohedral larger than flaviviridae -contrast: produce full length and subgenomic RNA alphaviurses (arboviruses) -west and east equine encephalitis --crow (amplify)-> mosquito-> humans/horses (deadend) --SX: mild fever/HA to encephalitis No TX or vaccine ```

Answer 7

``` togavirus transmission: resp or intrauterine 3rd childhood exanthem SX: rash, fever, arthalgia congenital rubella -deafness, blindness, mental retardation, heart disease Vaccine: live attenuated ```

Answer 8

``` togavirus transmission resp or intrauterine 3rd clinical exanthem sx: rash, fever, arthralgia congenital -death, blind, mental retardation, heart disease Vaccine-live attenuated ```

Answer 9

enveloped, non-seg +RNA, helical usually resp track but some GI 2nd leading cause of common cold also SARS, MERS and some animal viruses

Answer 10

``` coronavirus Bats->civet cats-> humans 10-20% mortality viral pneumonia -fevers, cough, sob, ha, alveolar damage -syncital formation -mixed cytololytic/immunogenic pathogenesis ```

Answer 11

``` coronavirus originated in Saudi Arabia bats-> camels -> humans similar pathology to SARS vaccines in developement ```

Answer 12

``` naked 30 nanometer icosohedral +RNA very stable fecal oral types -norwalk and norwalk like-> noroviruses -HepE ```

Answer 13

calicivirus world wide common on cruise ships #1 case of non bacterial diarrhea

Answer 14

calicivirus FO endemic in developing tropical countries acute hepatitis without chronic infection

Answer 15

segmented -RNA (8, packed with RDRP) helical enveloped types -influenza A- variable -influenza B- not variable -influenza C- mild uri important structure -HA: hemaglutinin (16 serotypes)-VAP, must be cleaved by serine protease -NA: neuraminidase: (9 serotypes), required for cleaving sialic acid for exiting M1: matrix M2: ion channel; escape endosome by acidification

Answer 16

``` enveloped, helical, -RNA similar life cycle to orthomyxovirues -differences --replication in cytoplasm --doesn't steal caps from mRNA types -mumps -measles -parainfluenza -respiratory syncitial virus -metapneumovirus ```

Answer 17

``` paramyxovirus path -parotitis, -neck swelling -orchitis-> sterility -40% symptomatic ```

Answer 18

``` paramyxovirus rubeola (1st childhood exanthem) path -first koplik spots (buccal)- prodrome -high fever -pneumonia -possible encephalitis --infection of neurons --immune mediated post infection encephalitis --subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis major killer of infants and toddlers in africa ```

Answer 19

``` paramyxovirus (1-4) -type 4 > mild uri -1-3 > severe resp infection-> immunity short lived --87% of croup no tx or vaccine ```

Answer 20

``` paramyxovirus leading cause of bronchiolitis -LRT infection -syncitial cells cause airway plugging pneumonia possible encephalitis no long term immunity winter infection tx: ribavirin- not very effective; IVIG ```

Answer 21

paramyxovirus recently indentifed/ not growable associated with bronchiolitis 15% common cold in children

Answer 22

``` Rabies virus enveloped, helical, bullet shaped, -RNA zoonosis: mostly bats -bites and aerosol replicates in muscle, slow progression to clinical symptoms Pathology-negri bodies post exposure tx -clean, passive immunity, vaccine ```

Answer 23

``` enveloped -RNA, segemented (3) helical Hantaviruses -sin nombre and snl viruses --murin vector (deer mice and other rodents) --pan american zoonosis --aerosolization of excreta -La crosse virus --arboviruse --small rodent>mosquito> humans (dead end) --encephalitis (2nd leading cause of arbo encephalitis, 1st WNV) -other bunyaviruses --California encephalitis --rift valley fever virus --crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus ```

Answer 24

``` naked, icosohedral, dsRNA, segmented world wide spread FO members -reoviruses -rotaviruses --#1 cause of sever GE in children world wide (mortality) --disrupt epithelium --2 vaccines: 3 doses 6 to 32 months ```

Answer 25

``` Large dsDNA icosohedral, enveloped eight types Alpha- blister -HSV-1 -HSV-2 -VSV (HHV-3) Beta mono herpes -HCMV (HHV-5) -HHV-6 -HHV-7 Gamma -EBV (HHV-4) -KSHV (HHV-8) ```

Answer 26

``` herpes virus common world wide, close contact spread symptomatic and asymptomatic shed infection site -initial: mucocutaneous surfaces> cytopathic -spread to sensory nerves (trigeminal ganglion) --reactivation damage T cell mediated primary infection sites -primary gingivostomatitis -ocular herps -herpetic whitlow-fingers -genital herps dx -multinucleated giant cells and inclusion bodies TX acyclovir and foscarnet ```

Answer 27

herpes virus less prevalent than HSV-1 (more in women) but more severe usually spread sexually, frequently unkown latent in spinal ganglia primary disease -asymptomatic -genital herps -neonatal herps (mostly HSV-2) -primary gingivostomatitis (mostly HSV-1) tx same as HSV-1

Answer 28

herpes virus resp spread, no asymptomatic shedding pathogenesis -primary infectionreplication in macrophages and pneumocytes -traffics through lungs to other organs -week 2 skin lesions -infection spread by cough and sneeze -latency> ascends neurons to sensory ganglia zoster reactivation -follows dermatomes, may cause post herpetic neuralgia vaccine-live attenuated TX> IVIG, nucleoside analogs (acyclovir like)

Answer 29

herpes gamma ubuiuitous, rate of acquisition depends on demographics close contact-kissing symptomatic and asymptomatic shed pathogenesis -primary in oropharanx-lytic -spreads to circulating B cells -swollen nodes and spleen -productive replication in B cells -latency also occurs --reactivation> reinfection of oropharanx for shed -B cell controlled by CD8 T cells initial SX: fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly Cancers -B cell lymphoma, african burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carc

Answer 30

Beta herpes virus world wide; acquisition rates depends on demographics close contact, sex symptomatic and asymptomatic shed -saliva, urine, cervical fluid, semen, milk primary -mono syndrome- like EBV c more visceral adenopathy congenital -most common infectious cause of birth defects -deaf, vision impair, developmental abnorm -passed through placenta TX- canciclovir, foscarnet

Answer 31

``` Beta herpes nearly ubiquitous, close contact asymptomatic and symptomatic shed pathogenesis -spread by saliva -latency in T cells, monocytes and macrophages disease: exanthem subitum- roseola, fever no vaccine TX: camciclovir ```

Answer 32

beta herpes rarely associated with disease spread like HHV6 can cause roseola

Answer 33

``` gamma herpes Low prevalence, sexual spread symptomatic and asymptomatic shed common in aids Path -infects B cells, endothelium, monocytes and sensory nerves -latency in B cells -shed in saliva and semen Immune suppressed -endothelial tumors -castlemens's disease -1degree effusion lymphoma TX- underlying immune deficiency ```

Answer 34

larges viruses, enveloped, complex, linear DNA life cycle -makes all enzymes necessary for DNA and RNA replication in the cytoplasm types -orthopox-small, cow, monkey pox, vaccina -parapox-orf-goats -yatapox -moluscum contagiosum- direct or fomite

Answer 35

``` small, naked, circular dsDNA life cycle -replicate in nucleus -early and late transcripts ubiquitous resp spread systemic-kidneys, cns, bm reactivate with immunosuppression -BK: urinary tract disease -JK: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy --white matter disease with no inflamation No Tx New discovered -KI and WU: resp disease -Merkel cell virus- merkel cell carcinoma ```

Answer 36

icosohedral, DNA virus E7 blocks RB E6 blocks p53

Answer 37

``` naked icosohedral linear dsDNA interacts with CAR receptor life cycle -nuclear replication, host RNA machinery -viral DNA via DDDP -lytic egress infects FO or resp route -conjunctiva, nose, mouth, RT, GI path- intranuclear inclusions no tx of vaccine ```

Answer 38

``` Fifths disease, B19 smallest DNA virus, naked, icosohedral ssDNA hairpin loops serve as privers for DDDP replicates in nucleus (host DNA and RNA machinery) primary infection cytopathic second phase type III rash and arthritis -lingering arthritis in adults -aplastic anemia with preexisting RBC disorder (sickle cell) congenital -hydrops fetalis -fetal loss -fetal anemia no vaccine, maybe IVIG ```

Answer 39

1. measles- vacc 2. scarlet fever- GAS- no vacc 3. VZV- vacc 4. rubella, german measles- vacc 5. parvovirus no vacc 6. HHV6-roseola no vacc

Answer 40

Non tender chancre

Answer 41

systemic fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, HA rash on palms and soles possible nephrotic syndrome (type III hypersenitivity) -nephritis, arthritis, arthralgia condylomata lata

Answer 42

after latency period - 4 years: late latency gummas: nonprogressive granulomatous dermal lesions 20% neurosyphilis: paralytic dementia, AML like disease, meningitis, seizure, optic atrophy 7% great vessel aneurysms: 10%