antibiotics 2 Flashcards
1
Q
bactrim
A
broad spectrum -not pseudomonas -not anaerobes -not atypicals: legionella, mycoplasma TX -uti -pneuocystis -sinsusitis -CAI MRSA AE -more frequent BM suppression
2
Q
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
A
flouroquinolones bacteriocidal, concentration dependent Blocks DNA gyrase and topoisomerase >irreversible DNA damage oral or iv low csf penetrance good bone penetrance hepatic or renal excretion poor tx for anaerobes tx -pseudomonas, complicated G- -atypicals: legionella, mycoplasma, clamidia -complicated utis -prostatitis -pneumonia -STD's except gonorrhea resistance -decrease permeability, increase efflux, enzyme mutation -MRSA, N gonorrhea, salmonella, campylorbacter AE -not for children -Achilles' tendon rupture> not for athletes -not while pregnant >spontaneous abortion -super infections, MRSA and Cdiff
3
Q
isoniazid
A
tb first line prodrug inhibits mycolic acid synthesis selective> activated by bacterial enzyme bacterialcidal 10% resistance in US
4
Q
rifampin
A
tb drug (most effective single medication)
RNA polymerase inhibitor
bacterialcidal
red-orange body fluid
5
Q
Pyrazinamide
A
TB mechanism unclear prodrug, oral bacterialcidal AE -joint px hepatotoxicity
6
Q
ethambutol
A
TB med
inhibits glycolipid synthesis
bacteriostatic (intra and extracellular)
AE: transient red/green colorblindness
7
Q
streptomycin
A
TB aminoglycoside IV/IM bacteriocidal (only when extracellular, poor cellular penetrance) AE -nephrotox -ototox
8
Q
sulfonamides
A
blocks 1st step of folate synthesis (vit b9) >DHPS competetive inhibition >PABA analog bacteriostatic broad specturm + plasmodium, toxoplasma gondii tx uti good oral availability good CNS penetration kidney excretion resistance -staph, strep, enterobacter, neisseria -increased PABA, change DHPS, increased efflux AE -stimulates Rickettsia growth -GI, rash-> common -BM tox -hemolytic anemia -kernicterus> CNS toxicity -steven's johnsons
