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Aaska's path > MICRO > Flashcards

MICRO Flashcards

1
Q

what stain is used for TB?

A

ziehl neelson

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2
Q

how is TB cultured?

A

on a lowenstein jehnson medium

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3
Q

whats seen on TB culture?

A

acid fast bacilli

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4
Q

whats the main pathology in leprosy?

A

nerve thickening

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5
Q

whats the main pathology in TB?

A

caseating granulomas

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6
Q

in pneumonia what is streptococcus pneumonia associated with?

A

rust coloured sputum
lobar consolidation

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7
Q

in pneumonia what is staphylococcus aureus associated with?

A

recent viral infection
cavitation on CXR

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8
Q

in pneumonia what is haemophilus influenzae associated with?

A

smoking
COPD

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9
Q

in pneumonia what is moraxella catarrhalis associated with?

A

smoking

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10
Q

in pneumonia what is klebsiella associated with?

A

alcoholics
elderly
haemoptysis

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11
Q

in pneumonia what is legionella associated with?

A

travel
air conditioning
water towers
hepatits
hyponatraemia

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12
Q

in pneumonia what is mycoplasma pneumoniae associated with?

A

uni students
boarding schools
dry cough
arthralgia
cold agglutinin test/AIHA
erythema multiforme

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13
Q

what is seen on microscopy with streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

gram pos diplococci

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14
Q

what is seen on microscopy with staphylococcus aureus?

A

gram pos cocci (grape bunch clusters)

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15
Q

what is seen on microscopy with haemophilus influenzae?

A

gram neg cocco bacilli

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16
Q

what is seen on microscopy with moraxella catarrhalis?

A

gram neg cocci

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17
Q

what is seen on microscopy with klebsiella?

A

gram neg rod enterobacter

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18
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does gas gangrene signify?

A

clostridium perifringens

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19
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does pseudomembranous colitis signify?

A

clostridium difficile infection

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20
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does rice water stool signify?

A

vibrio cholera

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21
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does flask shaped ulcer and MSM population signify?

A

entamoeba hystolytica

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22
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does pear shaped trophozite signify?

A

giardia lambilia

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23
Q

which protozoa causing GI infection is associated with immunocompromised patients?

A

cryptosporidium parvum

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24
Q

what organisms cause UTI in abnormal tracts?

A

klebsiella
proteus

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25
Q

what organism causes UTI due to heamatogenous spread?

A

s aureus

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26
Q

what organism is associated with prosthetic joint infection?

A

coagulase negative staphylococcus aureus

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27
Q

what organism commonly causes skin/wound/joint infections eg surgical site/septic arthritis/ osteomyelitis?

A

staph aureus

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28
Q

which 3 abx is c diff infection in hospital associated with?

A

cephalosporins
clindamycin
ciprofloxacin

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29
Q

what is pseudomembranous colitis associated with?

A

c difficile infection

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30
Q

what pathogenic organisms is splenectomy associated with?

A

encapsulated= NHS= nisseria, haemophilus, strep pneumoniae

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31
Q

what abx is listeria meningitis covered with?

A

ampicillin

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32
Q

how do you differentiate bacterial and viral meningitis on lumbar puncture

A

glucose level (low in bacterial)
cell types (bacteria= polymorphs, virus= mononuclear BUT TB has mononuclear too)
appearance (bacteria is turbid, viral is clear)

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33
Q

what are the most common pathogens that cause bacterial meningitis? what gram stain are they

A

nisseria meningitides= gram neg
streptococcus pneumoniae= gram pos

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34
Q

what fungal organism causes meningitis?

A

cryptococcus

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35
Q

what organisms cause chronic meningitis?

A

cryptococcus
TB

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36
Q

what organisms are associated with meningitis in the elderly and kids?

A

group B strep
listeria

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37
Q

how do you identify TB meningitis on lumbar puncture?

A

presence of proteins, mononuclear cells, low glucose, clear appearance

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38
Q

what is opthalmia neonatorum associated with?

A

gonorrhoea

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39
Q

whats seen on microscopy for gonorrhoea?

A

intracellular gram neg diplococcus

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40
Q

whats a strawberry cervix indicative of?

A

trichomoniasis

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41
Q

what are clue cells associated with?

A

BV

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42
Q

what is condolyma acuminate associated with?

A

secondary syphllis

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43
Q

what is used to see primary lesions in syphyllis?

A

dark ground microscopy

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44
Q

what std is jarisch herxiemer reaction associated with?

A

syphyllis after benzathine penicillin is given

45
Q

how is syphilis diagnosed?

A

dark field microscopy
treponemal tests= EIA and HPTA
non treponemal tests= VDRL and RPR

46
Q

how is syphillis treated?

A

IM benzathine penicillin

47
Q

how is gonorrhoea diagnosed?

A

culture of urethral swab

48
Q

how is gonorrhoea treated?

A

IM ceftriaxone 250mg

49
Q

how is chlamydia treatment?

A

1g azithromycin stat or doxycycline 100mg BD 7 days

50
Q

how is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

PCR from genital swab

51
Q

how is trichomoniasis treated?

A

metronidazole

52
Q

how is candidiasis treated?

A

fluconazole
clotrimazole

53
Q

what is cultured on chocolate agar?

A

chancroid ulcers

54
Q

what STI are beefy red ulcers associated with?

A

donovanosis

55
Q

cancer of what organ is associated with schistochomiasis

A

bladder

56
Q

what culture is used to grow streptococcus to differentiate it

A

blood agar

57
Q

on blood agar what is seen with the different types of streptococcus

A

alpha= goes red due to partial haemolysis
beta= goes clear due to complete haemolysis

58
Q

what grouping is used for beta streptococcus and what are they

A

lancefield

a-pyogenes (skin infections, nec fasc)
b- agalactaie (neonate)
d-enterococcae

59
Q

what are the 2 main alpha streptococcae

A

strep pneumoniae and viridans

60
Q

cat scratch disease full name

A

bartonella henselae

61
Q

pork tapeworm

A

tenia solium

62
Q

q fever diagnosed how

A

serology

63
Q

abx for lyme disease

A

doxycycline

64
Q

abx for UTI at term

A

cefalexin

65
Q

infective endocarditis organism associated with poor oral hygiene

A

strep viridans

66
Q

visceral leishmaniasis mx

A

liposomal amphotericin B

67
Q

first line mx for bacterial sore throat

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin

68
Q

sars cov 2 family

A

coronaviridae

69
Q

mx for human tapeworms

A

praziquantel

70
Q

encephalitis HSV

A

HSV1

71
Q

what is found in the lungs in TB

A

gohns focus

72
Q

atypical lymphocytes on blood film

A

EBV

73
Q

listeria full name

A

listeria monocytogenes

74
Q

impetigo topical antibiotic

A

fusidic acid

75
Q

in GP what abx for pyelo

A

cefalexin

76
Q

olsetamivir inhibits

A

neuraminidase

77
Q

cryptococcus stain

A

india ink

78
Q

leptospirosis animal

A

rat

79
Q

BV abx

A

metronidazole

80
Q

beef tapeworm

A

tenia saginata

81
Q

under woods lamp rash fluorescence

A

pityriasis versicolor

82
Q

HSV which trimester is risk of transmission to foetus greatest

A

third

83
Q

leptospirosis presentation

A

farmer
jaundice
myalgia, headache
conjunctival haemorrhages

84
Q

listeria stain

A

gram positive rod

85
Q

tumbling motility and rcokets what bacteria

A

listeria

86
Q

prophylactic antiviral given before allogenic stem cell transplant to protect against CMV

A

gancyclovir

87
Q

antibiotic for sinusitis

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin

88
Q

blood test before starting terbinafine

A

LFTs

89
Q

molluscum contagiosum in an adult is highly suggestive of

A

HIV

90
Q

what bacteria causes scarlett fever

A

streptococcus pyogenes
(group A strep)

91
Q

what organism commonly causes aseptic meningitis

A

enterovirus

92
Q

severe malaria in adults is parasitaemia of more than what % of cells

A

10

93
Q

how long is duration of abx in pneumonia

A

5 days

94
Q

abx for HAP and what does it cover

A

piperacillin-tazobactam or carbapenams
to cover for pseudomonas

94
Q

what covers for MRSA

A

vancomycin
linezolid
doxycycline

95
Q

how to differentiate c diff carrier from infection

A

carrier= will test positive for the organism but not the toxin
infection= will test positive for the organism and the toxin

96
Q

c diff mx

A

oral vancomycin 10-14 days with po/iv metronidazole

97
Q

what medications cause c diff

A

abx: cephalosporin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, co amoxiclav

PPI

H2 receptor agonists

98
Q

genetic polymorphism in creutzfedlt jakobs

A

codon 129

99
Q

CJD presentation

A

dementia plus rapid onset myoclonus in a young person

100
Q

what ix is diagnostic of prion disease

A

brain biopsy

101
Q

ciprofloxacin is what class of abx

A

fluoroquinolones

102
Q

fungal stain for everything but cryptococcus

A

methamine silver

103
Q

fungal stain for cryptococcus

A

india ink

104
Q

test for diagnosing fungal infcetions quickly

A

potassium hydroxidw

105
Q

uncooked chicken vomitting in 1-2hrs

A

staphylococcus aureus

106
Q

CMV antiviral

A

ganciclovir

107
Q
A

Aaska's path (9 decks)

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