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MICRO Flashcards

1
Q

what stain is used for TB?

A

ziehl neelson

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2
Q

how is TB cultured?

A

on a lowenstein jehnson medium

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3
Q

whats seen on TB culture?

A

acid fast bacilli

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4
Q

whats the main pathology in leprosy?

A

nerve thickening

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5
Q

whats the main pathology in TB?

A

caseating granulomas

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6
Q

in pneumonia what is streptococcus pneumonia associated with?

A

rust coloured sputum
lobar consolidation

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7
Q

in pneumonia what is staphylococcus aureus associated with?

A

recent viral infection
cavitation on CXR

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8
Q

in pneumonia what is haemophilus influenzae associated with?

A

smoking
COPD

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9
Q

in pneumonia what is moraxella catarrhalis associated with?

A

smoking

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10
Q

in pneumonia what is klebsiella associated with?

A

alcoholics
elderly
haemoptysis

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11
Q

in pneumonia what is legionella associated with?

A

travel
air conditioning
water towers
hepatits
hyponatraemia

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12
Q

in pneumonia what is mycoplasma pneumoniae associated with?

A

uni students
boarding schools
dry cough
arthralgia
cold agglutinin test/AIHA
erythema multiforme

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13
Q

what is seen on microscopy with streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

gram pos diplococci

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14
Q

what is seen on microscopy with staphylococcus aureus?

A

gram pos cocci (grape bunch clusters)

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15
Q

what is seen on microscopy with haemophilus influenzae?

A

gram neg cocco bacilli

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16
Q

what is seen on microscopy with moraxella catarrhalis?

A

gram neg cocci

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17
Q

what is seen on microscopy with klebsiella?

A

gram neg rod enterobacter

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18
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does gas gangrene signify?

A

clostridium perifringens

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19
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does pseudomembranous colitis signify?

A

clostridium difficile infection

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20
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does rice water stool signify?

A

vibrio cholera

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21
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does flask shaped ulcer and MSM population signify?

A

entamoeba hystolytica

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22
Q

in someone with a GI infection what does pear shaped trophozite signify?

A

giardia lambilia

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23
Q

which protozoa causing GI infection is associated with immunocompromised patients?

A

cryptosporidium parvum

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24
Q

what organisms cause UTI in abnormal tracts?

A

klebsiella
proteus

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25
what organism causes UTI due to heamatogenous spread?
s aureus
26
what organism is associated with prosthetic joint infection?
coagulase negative staphylococcus aureus
27
what organism commonly causes skin/wound/joint infections eg surgical site/septic arthritis/ osteomyelitis?
staph aureus
28
which 3 abx is c diff infection in hospital associated with?
cephalosporins clindamycin ciprofloxacin
29
what is pseudomembranous colitis associated with?
c difficile infection
30
what pathogenic organisms is splenectomy associated with?
encapsulated= NHS= nisseria, haemophilus, strep pneumoniae
31
what abx is listeria meningitis covered with?
ampicillin
32
how do you differentiate bacterial and viral meningitis on lumbar puncture
glucose level (low in bacterial) cell types (bacteria= polymorphs, virus= mononuclear BUT TB has mononuclear too) appearance (bacteria is turbid, viral is clear)
33
what are the most common pathogens that cause bacterial meningitis? what gram stain are they
nisseria meningitides= gram neg streptococcus pneumoniae= gram pos
34
what fungal organism causes meningitis?
cryptococcus
35
what organisms cause chronic meningitis?
cryptococcus TB
36
what organisms are associated with meningitis in the elderly and kids?
group B strep listeria
37
how do you identify TB meningitis on lumbar puncture?
presence of proteins, mononuclear cells, low glucose, clear appearance
38
what is opthalmia neonatorum associated with?
gonorrhoea
39
whats seen on microscopy for gonorrhoea?
intracellular gram neg diplococcus
40
whats a strawberry cervix indicative of?
trichomoniasis
41
what are clue cells associated with?
BV
42
what is condolyma acuminate associated with?
secondary syphllis
43
what is used to see primary lesions in syphyllis?
dark ground microscopy
44
what std is jarisch herxiemer reaction associated with?
syphyllis after benzathine penicillin is given
45
how is syphilis diagnosed?
dark field microscopy treponemal tests= EIA and HPTA non treponemal tests= VDRL and RPR
46
how is syphillis treated?
IM benzathine penicillin
47
how is gonorrhoea diagnosed?
culture of urethral swab
48
how is gonorrhoea treated?
IM ceftriaxone 250mg
49
how is chlamydia treatment?
1g azithromycin stat or doxycycline 100mg BD 7 days
50
how is chlamydia diagnosed?
PCR from genital swab
51
how is trichomoniasis treated?
metronidazole
52
how is candidiasis treated?
fluconazole clotrimazole
53
what is cultured on chocolate agar?
chancroid ulcers
54
what STI are beefy red ulcers associated with?
donovanosis
55
cancer of what organ is associated with schistochomiasis
bladder
56
what culture is used to grow streptococcus to differentiate it
blood agar
57
on blood agar what is seen with the different types of streptococcus
alpha= goes red due to partial haemolysis beta= goes clear due to complete haemolysis
58
what grouping is used for beta streptococcus and what are they
lancefield a-pyogenes (skin infections, nec fasc) b- agalactaie (neonate) d-enterococcae
59
what are the 2 main alpha streptococcae
strep pneumoniae and viridans
60
cat scratch disease full name
bartonella henselae
61
pork tapeworm
tenia solium
62
q fever diagnosed how
serology
63
abx for lyme disease
doxycycline
64
abx for UTI at term
cefalexin
65
infective endocarditis organism associated with poor oral hygiene
strep viridans
66
visceral leishmaniasis mx
liposomal amphotericin B
67
first line mx for bacterial sore throat
phenoxymethylpenicillin
68
sars cov 2 family
coronaviridae
69
mx for human tapeworms
praziquantel
70
encephalitis HSV
HSV1
71
what is found in the lungs in TB
gohns focus
72
atypical lymphocytes on blood film
EBV
73
listeria full name
listeria monocytogenes
74
impetigo topical antibiotic
fusidic acid
75
in GP what abx for pyelo
cefalexin
76
olsetamivir inhibits
neuraminidase
77
cryptococcus stain
india ink
78
leptospirosis animal
rat
79
BV abx
metronidazole
80
beef tapeworm
tenia saginata
81
under woods lamp rash fluorescence
pityriasis versicolor
82
HSV which trimester is risk of transmission to foetus greatest
third
83
leptospirosis presentation
farmer jaundice myalgia, headache conjunctival haemorrhages
84
listeria stain
gram positive rod
85
tumbling motility and rcokets what bacteria
listeria
86
prophylactic antiviral given before allogenic stem cell transplant to protect against CMV
gancyclovir
87
antibiotic for sinusitis
phenoxymethylpenicillin
88
blood test before starting terbinafine
LFTs
89
molluscum contagiosum in an adult is highly suggestive of
HIV
90
what bacteria causes scarlett fever
streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)
91
what organism commonly causes aseptic meningitis
enterovirus
92
severe malaria in adults is parasitaemia of more than what % of cells
10
93
how long is duration of abx in pneumonia
5 days
94
abx for HAP and what does it cover
piperacillin-tazobactam or carbapenams to cover for pseudomonas
94
what covers for MRSA
vancomycin linezolid doxycycline
95
how to differentiate c diff carrier from infection
carrier= will test positive for the organism but not the toxin infection= will test positive for the organism and the toxin
96
c diff mx
oral vancomycin 10-14 days with po/iv metronidazole
97
what medications cause c diff
abx: cephalosporin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, co amoxiclav PPI H2 receptor agonists
98
genetic polymorphism in creutzfedlt jakobs
codon 129
99
CJD presentation
dementia plus rapid onset myoclonus in a young person
100
what ix is diagnostic of prion disease
brain biopsy
101
ciprofloxacin is what class of abx
fluoroquinolones
102
fungal stain for everything but cryptococcus
methamine silver
103
fungal stain for cryptococcus
india ink
104
test for diagnosing fungal infcetions quickly
potassium hydroxidw
105
uncooked chicken vomitting in 1-2hrs
staphylococcus aureus
106
CMV antiviral
ganciclovir
107

Aaska's path (9 decks)

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