ANNOYING TOPICS Flashcards
what organism causes athletes foot?
tricophyton rubrum
infection by HPV 6 and 11 causes what
genital warts
GS diagnostic test for leishmaniasis
splenic aspirate
what mosquito transmits dengue
female aedes
what organism transmits chancroid
haemophilus ducreyi
tumbling motility and rockets
listeria
what blood test do you need to do before starting terbinafine
LFTs
what cells do macrophages present antigens to
T lymphocytes
where do dendriitc cells present antigens to t cells
lymph node
describe how nk cells recognise who to kill
if a cell has self HLA this will inhibit the nk cell from killing it
if a cell has heparan sulfate proteoglycans this will promote the nk cell to kill it
what are the 3 ways the complement cascade is upregulated
classic: antibody binding to pathogen antigen activates classical pathway
mannose binding lectin: MBL binds to pathogen directly and activates cascade
alternative: c3 binds to antigen directly and activates alternate path
oxidative killing is due to production of what
hydrochloric acid
non oxidative killing is due to release of what
enzymes
components of the innate immune system
skin
mucosa
basophils/eosinophils/neutrophils
mast cells
monocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells
cytokines
complement
components of the adaptive immune system
b lymphocytes and antibodys
t lymphocytes (cd4 and cd8)
cytokines and chemokines
what do all t cells express
cd3+
either cd4+ (recognise MH II) and cd8+ (recognise MH I)
what t cell produces TNF alpha, interferon gamma and IL2
th1
what t cell makes IL-4, IL-5, IL-6
th2 (t helper)
what t cell makes Il-17 IL-21 IL-22
th3 (recruits neutrophils)
describe what cells are involved in the path of b cell proliferation
dendritic cell primes cd4+ t cell
cd4+ t cell help b cells differentiate
what is an immunoglobulin made of
2 heavy and 2 light chains
what determines antibody class
heavy chain
describe central and effector memory in t cells
central= cd4, in lymph nodes
effector= cd8, in liver, lungs and gut
APS-1 is the same as
APECED
