ANNOYING TOPICS

Question 1

what organism causes athletes foot?

Answer 1

tricophyton rubrum

Question 2

infection by HPV 6 and 11 causes what

Answer 2

genital warts

Question 3

GS diagnostic test for leishmaniasis

Answer 3

splenic aspirate

Question 4

what mosquito transmits dengue

Answer 4

female aedes

Question 5

what organism transmits chancroid

Answer 5

haemophilus ducreyi

Question 6

tumbling motility and rockets

Answer 6

listeria

Question 7

what blood test do you need to do before starting terbinafine

Answer 7

LFTs

Question 8

what cells do macrophages present antigens to

Answer 8

T lymphocytes

Question 9

where do dendriitc cells present antigens to t cells

Answer 9

lymph node

Question 10

describe how nk cells recognise who to kill

Answer 10

if a cell has self HLA this will inhibit the nk cell from killing it

if a cell has heparan sulfate proteoglycans this will promote the nk cell to kill it

Question 11

what are the 3 ways the complement cascade is upregulated

Answer 11

classic: antibody binding to pathogen antigen activates classical pathway

mannose binding lectin: MBL binds to pathogen directly and activates cascade

alternative: c3 binds to antigen directly and activates alternate path

Question 12

oxidative killing is due to production of what

Answer 12

hydrochloric acid

Question 13

non oxidative killing is due to release of what

Answer 13

enzymes

Question 14

components of the innate immune system

Answer 14

skin
mucosa
basophils/eosinophils/neutrophils
mast cells
monocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells
cytokines
complement

Question 15

components of the adaptive immune system

Answer 15

b lymphocytes and antibodys
t lymphocytes (cd4 and cd8)
cytokines and chemokines

Question 16

what do all t cells express

Answer 16

cd3+
either cd4+ (recognise MH II) and cd8+ (recognise MH I)

Question 17

what t cell produces TNF alpha, interferon gamma and IL2

Answer 17

th1

Question 18

what t cell makes IL-4, IL-5, IL-6

Answer 18

th2 (t helper)

Question 19

what t cell makes Il-17 IL-21 IL-22

Answer 19

th3 (recruits neutrophils)

Question 20

describe what cells are involved in the path of b cell proliferation

Answer 20

dendritic cell primes cd4+ t cell
cd4+ t cell help b cells differentiate

Question 21

what is an immunoglobulin made of

Answer 21

2 heavy and 2 light chains

Question 22

what determines antibody class

Answer 22

heavy chain

Question 23

describe central and effector memory in t cells

Answer 23

central= cd4, in lymph nodes
effector= cd8, in liver, lungs and gut

Question 24

APS-1 is the same as

Answer 24

APECED

Question 25

failure of central tolerance, gene implicated and inheritance

Answer 25

APS-1
AIRE
autosomal recessive

Question 26

failure of peripheral tolerance, gene implicated and inheritance

Answer 26

IPEX
foxp3
x linked recessive

Question 27

failure of lymphocyte apoptosis, gene implicated and inheritance

Answer 27

ALPS
fasL
autosomal dominant

Question 28

what are the monogenic autoimmune conditions

Answer 28

APS1
IPEX
ALPS

Question 29

cANCA is directed against

Answer 29

proteinase 3

Question 30

pANCA is directed against

Answer 30

myeloperoxidase