MICE key Words Flashcards
Interphase
DNA replication occurs
Prophase
• Spindle fibres migrate to opposite poles of the cell
• Chromosomes coil and condense and become visible
(each chromosome is made of two sister chromatids
held together by a centromere)
• The nuclear membrane breaks down
Metaphase
spindle fibres are produced and attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes
• chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
Anaphase
• Spindle fibres shorten and separate the sister chromatids which are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase
- Nuclear envelopes reform
* Chromosomes decondense
Cytokinesis
• Cytoplasm divides
Binary fission
The process by which prokaryotic cells divide
Pathogen
A disease causing agent
Toxin
A poison produced by a living organism
Antigen
A foreign protein or glycoprotein which stimulates an immune response
Clonal selection
Activation of a specific B cell that produces the antibody specific to an antigen.
Monoclonal antibodies
Antibodies which are identical and come from plasma cells belonging to one/the same clone. They are all specific to only one antigen
Antibody
A protein produced by B plasma cells which binds to a specific, complementary antigen
Agglutination
The clumping together of antigen-bearing cells in the presence on their complementary antibody
Vaccine
A vaccine contains an antigen, or several antigens from a pathogen that stimulate an immune response.