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Parasitology Lab > Methods of Microbial Control > Flashcards

Methods of Microbial Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cold Sterilization, and what is used?

A

Method of disinfecting for minor procedures, using a liquid solution.

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2
Q

What 3 things does control of disease include?

A
  • Eliminating the source of the disease. (disinfecting, sterilizing).
  • Preventing the transmission of the disease. (prevent aerosol of agents, respiratory discharge)
  • Providing a method for the host to resist the disease. (vaccination)
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3
Q

Physical methods of microbial control?

-Basic Info

A
  • Washing and drying in HOT water removes a lot of the microbial load.
  • Change out of and wash dirty clothes immediately.
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4
Q

Physical methods of microbial control are (6)?

BISUMU

A 
Boiling Water
Incineration
Steam Under Pressure
Ultrasonic Vibration
Moist Heat Sterilization
Ultraviolet Radiation
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5
Q

Incineration is done to?

A

Soiled, disposable items.

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6
Q

Moist Heat Sterilization

-How hot does the water need to be?

A

-Water is heated to 60 C (140 F).

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7
Q

Moist Heat Sterilization

-How is it most effective?

A

-Most effective if both detergent and agitation are used.

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8
Q

Moist Heat Sterilization

-What is it good for?

A

Good for laundry, mops, basins, trays, and food bowls.

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9
Q

Boiling Water

-Is it used often?

A

No. It is not used often in vet practices. However, it may be used on site, such as on location at a farm.

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10
Q

Boiling WaterWhat does it NOT kill?

A

Does not kill spore forming bacteria and heat resistant viruses.

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11
Q

Boiling Water

-How to aid the cleaning process?

A

Add detergent to aid in the cleaning process.

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12
Q

Boiling Water

-How hot?

A

Reaches a temperature of 100 C, or 212 F.

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13
Q

Boiling Water

-How long?

A

Must boil for 30 minutes.

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14
Q

Steam Under Pressure

-What do you use?

A

The autoclave is used.

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15
Q

Ultrasonic Vibration

-What do you do first?

A

Hand wash first!! Use distilled water if you do not know the status of the tap water (microbes and pH).

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16
Q

Ultrasonic Vibration

-How does it work?

A

Sound waves produce tiny bubbles that have a scrubbing action.

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17
Q

Ultrasonic Vibration

-Does it sanitize?

A

Yes, but it does NOT sterilize.

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18
Q

Ultrasonic Vibration

-What do you do after using it?

A

Rinse with distilled water, and lubricate.

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19
Q

Ultraviolet Radiation

-Is it used often?

A

No. Not used often in vet practice.

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20
Q

Ultraviolet Radiation

-What does it do?

A

It sterilizes, used for things easily destroyed by heat.

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21
Q

Chemical Control

-Basic Information

A

Follow instruction for the use of various agents.

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22
Q

What does -cidal mean?

A

Indicates death of organism.

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23
Q

What does -static mean?

A

Indicates inhibition of growth organisms.

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24
Q

What can an Antiseptic be?

A

May be a dilute form of a disinfectant.

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25
Q

Chemical ControlWhat are the methods (8)?

CHOP SAGA

A

Cold Sterilization
Heavy Metals
Oxidizing Agents
Phenolic Derivatives

Surfactants
Alcohols
Glutaraldehyde
Aldehydes

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26
Q

What is Cold Sterilization?

A

Objects are soaked in disinfectant.

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27
Q

Alcohol

-What concentration?

A

Concentrations above 50% are bactericidal.

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28
Q

Alcohol

-Can it be used in a cold tray, why?

A

No, alcohol cannot be used in a cold try because it evaporates too quickly.

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29
Q

Alcohol

-What can you not use it on?

A

Do not use it on traumatized skin.

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30
Q

Aldehyde

-What?

A

Formaldehyde-Formalin is the 10% dilution

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31
Q

Aldehyde

-Used for?

A

It is used for tissue preservation.

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32
Q

Aldehyde

-Do you need ventilation, why?

A

Yes, good ventilation should be used with Aldehydes. They are carcinogenic.

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33
Q

Aldehyde

-Do you have to make up your own containers?

A

With biopsy samples, you can purchase already prepared containers.

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34
Q

Glutaraldehyde

-What?

A

Cidex

35
Q

Glutaraldehyde

-What does it do?

A

It is sporadical if objects are left to soak for several hours.

36
Q

Glutaraldehyde

-How long to kill most microorganisms?

A

It kills most organisms in 10 minutes.

37
Q

Oxidizing Agents

-What do they do?

A

They disrupt the cell process.

38
Q

Oxidizing Agents

-What?

A
  • Chlorine
  • Iodine
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
39
Q

Oxidizing Agents

-How much to dilute bleach?

A

A 1:5 dilution with water is effective against many bacteria and viruses.

40
Q

Oxidizing Agents

-Bleach dilution with Parvo?

A

A 1:30 dilution is the most effective against parvo. -1/2 Cup Bleach to 1 Gallon Water

41
Q

Oxidizing Agents

-What does iodine do?

A

It reacts with cells to inhibit enzyme activity.

42
Q

Oxidizing Agents

-What Iodine concentration can be harmful?

A

A concentration of 3.5% or higher will burn living tissue.

43
Q

Oxidizing Agents

-Do not combine bleach with?

A

Do not combine chlorine with ammonia, toxic chlorine gas is formed.

44
Q

Surfactants

-What do they do?

A

Surfactants lower the surface tension of a liquid and allow dislike substances, such as oil and water to mix more easily.

45
Q

Surfactants

-What do we use?

A

Detergents

46
Q

Phenolic Derivatives

-What?

A
  • Lysol

- Pine-sol

47
Q

Phenolic Derivatives

-Are they effected by excess organic material?

A

No, they are not easily effected by excess organic material.

48
Q

Heavy Metals

-Is Mercury still available?

A

No, it has been removed from the market.

49
Q

Heavy Metals

-Zinc?

A

Zinc compounds are available for antiseptic use.

50
Q

What is a Disinfectant?

A

An agent that destroys or inhibits microorganisms - typically refers to inanimate objects.

51
Q

What is an Antiseptic?

A

An agent that destroys or inhibits microorganisms - typically refers to living tissue.

52
Q

Iodophors

-When are they used?

A

Used as topical antiseptics before surgical procedures and for wound care.

53
Q

Iodophors

-What do they kill?

A
  • virucidal
  • bactericidal
  • protocidal
  • fungicidal
54
Q

Iodophors

-Most common?

A

Iodine combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone, aka povidone-iodine.

55
Q

Iodophors

-What is the residual activity and is it effected by anything?

A

The residual activity of povidone-iodine is 4 to 6 hours. This is greatly diminished by the presence of organic matter such as blood. Alcohol will also destroy this residual action.

56
Q

Chlorohexidine

-When are they used?

A

Can be used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

57
Q

Chlorohexidine

-Does it cause tissue damage?

A

It causes little tissue irritation.

58
Q

Chlorohexidine

-What do they work against?

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • molds
  • yeasts
59
Q

Chlorohexidine

-How long to work, is it residual?

A

It has a rapid onset and a long residual activity that is not affected by organic material or alcohol.

60
Q

Chlorohexidine

-Brand Name?

A
  • Nolvasan

- Nolvasan S (means scented)

61
Q

Alcohol

-Most common?

A
  • Ethyl Alcohol

- Isopropyl Alcohol

62
Q

Alcohol

-Are they used often?

A

Yes. They are among the most common antiseptics applied to the skin.

63
Q

Alcohol

-What is a 70% solution used for?

A

To disinfect surgical sites, injection sites, and rectal thermometers.

64
Q

Alcohol

-How is it effective?

A

In order for it to be effective against bacteria it must remain in contact with the skin for several seconds. Several minutes to be effective against fungi.

65
Q

Alcohol

-Does a cursory swipe do anything?

A

It does little at an injection site to disinfect it.

66
Q

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

-Brand Name?

A
  • Roccal-D

- benz-all

67
Q

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

-What are they used for?

A

To disinfect the surface of inanimate objects.

68
Q

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

-Effective against?

A

A wide variety of bacteria, but ineffective against bacterial spores and have poor efficacy against fungi.

69
Q

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

-Against viruses?

A

They can destroy enveloped viruses, ineffective against non-enveloped viruses such as parvo.

70
Q

Chlorine Compounds

-Most common?

A

Household bleach.

71
Q

Chlorine Compounds

-Against viruses?

A

Can kill enveloped, and non-enveloped viruses.

72
Q

Chlorine Compounds

-Against Parvo?

A

The disinfectant of choice against parvo.

73
Q

Chlorine Compounds

-Effective against?

A
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • algae
  • bacteria
74
Q

Chlorine Compounds

-Do they work on bacterial spores?

A

No. Like many other disinfectants, chlorine bleach is not effective against bacterial spores.

75
Q

Chlorine Compounds

-Effective concentration?

A

Bleach to Water

  • 1:30 for Parvo
  • 1:5 for most other situations
76
Q

Phenols

-Effective against?

A

Some bacteria.

77
Q

Phenols

-Not effective against?

A
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • spores
78
Q

Cold Sterilization

-What is the brand name of the chemical used?

A

benz-all (Bensalkonium Chloride)

79
Q

benz-all

-Soluble properties

A

Soluble in:

  • water
  • acetone
  • alcohol

Insoluble in:

  • ether
  • benzene (slightly soluble)
80
Q

benz-all

-Concentration?

A

1: 750
- Quart: one 10cc bottle into 1 quart water.
- Gallon: one 40cc bottle into 1 gallon water.

81
Q

benz-all

-What kind of water?

A

Tap is fine unless the water is hard water. Then, distilled is best.

82
Q

benz-all

-Instrument storage?

A

To store some heat sterilized instruments, a 1:750 solution which has not been previously used may be employed for up to 14 days.

83
Q

benz-all

-When not to use?

A

With any instrument thought to be contaminated by spore bearing organisms, mycobacterium tuberculosis, or viral hepatitis. Also not for use with optical instruments with cemented parts.

84
Q

Rocal-D

-Dilution?

A

1/2 ounce to 1 Gallon

Parasitology Lab (10 decks)

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