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[CC1 LAB] > METHODS > Flashcards

METHODS Flashcards

1
Q

glucose + boiling water —-> eneidol (enol anion form)

A

Chemical methods : oxidation-reduction

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2
Q

phosphomolybdic acid —> phosphomolybdenum blue

A

Folin-Wu

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3
Q

arsenomolybdic acid —> arsenomolybdenum blue

A

Nelson-Somogyi

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4
Q

neocuproine (7,9- dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) —> cuprous-neocuproine complex (yellow-orange)

A

Campbell and King method

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5
Q

ferricyanide —> ferrocyanide

A

reverse colorimetric method

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6
Q

glucose + ortho-toluidine —-> N-glycosylamine: Schiff base (green) 630 nm

A

Ortho-toluidine method by Dubowski

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7
Q

glucose + O2 + H2O — GOD —> gluconic acid + H2O2

A

Glucose Oxidase method

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8
Q

H2O2 + reduced chromogen — POD—> oxidized chromogen + H2O

A

Glucose Oxidase method

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9
Q

3-methyl-2-benzathiazolinone hydrazone + N,N-dimethylaniline – -> indamine dye (590-66- nm)

A

Gochman and Schmitz

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10
Q

p-aminophenazone + phenol —-> purple product (quinoneimine)

A

Trinder

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11
Q

2,2-azine-di(3-ethyl bezothiazoline-(6)-sulfonic acid —> colored chromogen

A

Miskieweis

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12
Q

glucose + ATP —hexokinase —> glu-6-phosphate + ADP

A

Hexokinase method

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13
Q

glu-6-phosphate + NADP —G-6-PD —> NADPH + H + 6-phosphogluconate (340 nm)

A

Hexokinase method

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14
Q

Glucose + NAD —— GDH —– Gluconolactone + NADH + H+

A

Glucose Dehydrogenase (GDH)

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15
Q

Hb A1c — acid — 5-HMF

A

COLORIMETRY

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16
Q

acetoacetic acid + ferric chloride —> red color

A

Gerhardt

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17
Q

acetoacetic acid + NADH + H —β-HBDH—> NAD + beta-hydroxybutyric acid

A

enzymatic method

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18
Q

NPN + H2SO4 NH4HSO4

A

KJELDAHL DIGESTION

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19
Q

NH3 + HgI2.2KI NH2Hg2I2 + KI + NH4I

A

NESSLERIZATION

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20
Q

NH3 + NaOCl + Phenol Indophenol + NaCl + H2O

A

BERTHELOT METHOD

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21
Q

NH3 + α-ketoglutarate + NADH + H Glutamate + NAD

A

Kaplan, Manoukian – Fawaz; Kallet – Cook Reaction

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22
Q

Isoindoline + Naphthylethylenediamine colored compound

A

Diacetyl Monoxime (Fearon)

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23
Q

Creatinine + alkaline picrate Creatinine picrate (red orange/yellow)

A

JAFFE REACTION

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24
Q

Creatinine —————-→N-methylhydantoin + NH3

A

F. Lim

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25
Q

Creatinine ———————————–→Creatine (Creatinine amidohydrolase)

A

G.A. Moss

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26
Q

Uric Acid + PTA ——- OH——– Allantoin + CO2 + Tungsten blue (710 nm)

A

Phosphotungstic Acid (PTA)

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27
Q

Uric Acid Allantoin + CO2

A

Blaunch and Koch

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28
Q

Uric Acid + O2 + 2H2O Allantoin + CO2 + H2O2

A

Trinder –Uricase method

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29
Q

Uric Acid Allantoin + CO2 + H2O2

A

Uricase –catalase system

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30
Q

Cuprous ions + neocuproine copper neocuproine complex

A

Bittner method

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31
Q

Ferrous ions + TPTZ blue colored complex (590 nm)

A

TPTZ Method by Morin

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32
Q

specimen is alkalinized to convert NH4 ions to NH3

A

Conway and Cook Diffusion Method

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33
Q

NH3 is trapped in acid medium of diffusion cell

A

Conway and Cook Diffusion Method

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34
Q

Quantitated by titration or colorimetry

A

Conway and Cook Diffusion Method

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35
Q

Time consuming with poor accuracy and precision

A

Conway and Cook Diffusion Method

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36
Q

Uses cation-exchange resin

A

Forman’s Resin Absorption Method

37
Q

NH3 absorbed by the resin and eluted

A

Forman’s Resin Absorption Method

38
Q

Quantitated by Berthelot reaction or by Nesslerization

A

Forman’s Resin Absorption Method

39
Q

Forman’s Resin Absorption Method N.V.:

A

16 - 33 µmol/L

40
Q

NH3 is obtained through the use of a Dowax column

A

Kunahashi, Ishihora and Euhera Method

41
Q

Assayed using the Berthelot method

A

Kunahashi, Ishihora and Euhera Method

42
Q

2-oxoglutarate + NH4+ + NADPH Glutamate + NADP + H2O

A

Van Anken Enzymatic Method

43
Q

Van Anken Enzymatic Method N.V.:

A

11 –35 µmol/L

44
Q

Based on the diffusion of NH3 through a selective membrane into NH4 chloride causing pH change which is determined potentiometrically

A

Ion Selective Electrode

45
Q

Good precision and accuracy

A

Ion Selective Electrode

46
Q

3 FA + glycerol

A

Complete Hydrolysis

47
Q

Partial Hydrolysis

A

2 FA + monoglyceride

48
Q

serum is combined with the color reagent then incubated to allow color reaction to occur

A

Direct Colorimetric / One-Step

49
Q

Methods: Watson’s, Ferro-Ham, Pearson, Zlatkis

A

Direct Colorimetric / One-Step

50
Q

Reagents: Acid anhydride, conc. H2SO4

A

Liebermann-Burchard Reaction

51
Q

End-product: cholestapolyene sulfonic acid (emerald green)

A

Liebermann-Burchard Reaction

52
Q

Reagents: conc. HAc, Ferric ions

A

Salkowski’s Reaction

53
Q

End-product: cholestapolyene carbonium ion (reddish-purple)

A

Salkowski’s Reaction

54
Q

Involves 1extraction step prior to 2colorimetric reaction

A

Two-Step Method

55
Q

Eliminates protein interference

A

Two-Step Method

56
Q

Methods: Carr-Drekter, Saifer-Kammer, Leoffler-McDougold

A

Two-Step Method

57
Q

Requires 1extraction w/ petroleum ether followed by 2 saponification and then 3colorimetric determination

A

Three-Step Method

58
Q

Standard method

A

Three-Step Method

59
Q

Method: Abell-Kendall

A

Three-Step Method

60
Q

Requires 1extraction, 2saponification, 3purification with digitonin then 4colorimetric determination

A

Four-Step Method

61
Q

Considered as the reference method

A

Four-Step Method

62
Q

Methods: Schoenheimer-Sperry, Sperry-Webb

A

Four-Step Method

63
Q

cholesteryl ester + water —-cholesterol esterase —-> cholesterol + FFA

A

ENZYMATIC METHODS

64
Q

cholesterol + O2 —-cholesterol oxidase—-> cholest-4-en-3-one + H2O2

A

ENZYMATIC METHODS

65
Q

Formaldehyde + acetylacetone + NH4 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine

A

Hantzsch-Lutidine Reaction

66
Q

Formaldehyde + H2SO4 + chromotropic acid (CTA) pink chromophore

A

Van Handel and Zilversmit

67
Q

NADH + tetrazolium dye —diaphorase—> formazan + NAD

A

Weiland Method

68
Q

glycerophosphate + O2 —glycerophosphate oxidase—> DHAP + H2O2

A

Trinder Reaction

69
Q

H202 + reduced chromogen –→Quinoneimine dye

A

Trinder Reaction

70
Q

ADP + PEP —pyruvate kinase —> ATP + pyruvate

A

Eggstein and Kreutz method

71
Q

pyruvate + NADH + H —LDH—> lactate + NAD (340 nm)

A

Eggstein and Kreutz method

72
Q

intermittent hyperbilirubinemia;

A

Gilbert’s Syndrome

73
Q

cause by reduction in the expression of UGT1A1 gene

A

Gilbert’s Syndrome

74
Q

Chronic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia; rare & more severe disorder

A

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

75
Q

Molecular defect w/in the gene involved with bilirubin conjugation

A

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

76
Q

complete absence of enzymatic bilirubin conjugation

A

Type I

77
Q

mutation causing a severe deficiency of the enzyme for conjugation

A

Type II

78
Q

Removal of conjugated bilirubin from the liver cell & the excretion into the bile are defective

A

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

79
Q

Caused by deficiency of the canalicular transporter protein (MDR2/cMOAT)

A

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

80
Q

Appearance of dark-stained granules on a liver biopsy

A

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

81
Q

Hypothesized to be due to a reduction in the concentration or activity of intracellular binding proteins

A

Rotor Syndrome

82
Q

Liver biopsy does NOT show dark pigmented granules

A

Rotor Syndrome

83
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Beta-gamma bridging effect

84
Q

Monoclonal gammopathy (Multiple myeloma)

A

Monoclonal band

85
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

Polyclonal band

86
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

Increase in α-2-macroglobulin

87
Q

deficiency in α-1-antitrypsin

A

a-1-globulin flat curve

88
Q

Juvenile cirrhosis

A

a-1-globulin flat curve

[CC1 LAB] (5 decks)

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