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CC1 LAB > LABORATORY > Flashcards

LABORATORY Flashcards

1
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE Reference Ranges

A

70–105mg/dL

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2
Q

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN Reference Ranges

A

Prediabetes
● 5.7 – 6.4%
● 39–46 mmol/mol
Presence of diabetes
● ≥6.5%
● ≥48 mmol/mol Target in diabetes
● <7.0%
● <53 mmol/mol

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3
Q

Albumin Reference Ranges

A

3.5-5%

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4
Q

Total Proteins Reference Ranges

A

6-8%

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5
Q

Globulin Reference Ranges

A

1.8-3.2%

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6
Q

A/G ratio Reference Ranges

A

1.5-2.4:1%

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7
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE Conversion factor

A

0.055

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8
Q

Albumin, Total Proteins, Globulin Conversion factor

A

10

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9
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE Standard

A

100 mg/dL

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10
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE

BLANK, STANDARD, SAMPLE

A

Reagent: 1.0 ml
Water: 10 pL

Reagent: 1.0 ml
Standard reagent: 10 uL

Reagent: 1.0 ml
Serum: 10 uL

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11
Q

Albumin

BLANK, STANDARD, SAMPLE

A

Reagent: 3.0 ml
Water: 20 uL
Reagent: 3.0 ml
Standard reagent: 20 uL
Reagent: 3.0 ml
Serum: 20 uL

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12
Q

Total Proteins

BLANK, STANDARD, SAMPLE

A

Reagent: 3.0 ml
Water: 20 uL
Reagent: 3.0 ml
Standard reagent: 20 uL
Reagent: 3.0 ml
Serum: 20 uL

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13
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE Stand/Incubation

A

37 C for 5 minutes

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14
Q

Albumin Stand/Incubation

A

1 min

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15
Q

Total Proteins Stand/Incubation

A

5 mins at RT

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16
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE Absorbance

A

480 and 520 nm

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17
Q

Albumin Absorbance

A

600 nm

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18
Q

Total Proteins Absorbance

A

550 nm

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19
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE Method

A

TRINDER/GOD

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20
Q

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN Method

A

Boronate Affinity Assay

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21
Q

Albumin Method

A

Bromcresol Green (BCG) Method

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22
Q

Total Proteins Method

A

Biuret, Modified

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23
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE Specimen

A

Serum, plasma, urine, CSF

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24
Q

CREATININE Specimen

A

serum, plasma, urine

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25
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE Stability

A

Separated and non-hemolyzed samples: 8 hours at 25C and 3 days at 2 – 8 C Glycolysis: 5 – 7% in 1 hour (5-10 mg/dL)
+ Sodium iodoacetate or sodium fluoride (NaF): 3 days at RT

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26
Q

Albumin Stability

A

60 mins.

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27
Q

Total Proteins Stability

A

60 mins.

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28
Q

BLOOD GLUCOSE Linearity

A

500 mg/dl

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29
Q

BUN Reference Ranges

A

10-20 mg/dL (1.7 – 8.3 mmol/L)

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30
Q

CREATININE Reference Ranges

A

Male: 0.7 – 1.2 mg/dL (62 - 105μmol/L)
Female: 0.6 – 1.1 mg/dL (53 - 97μmol/L)

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31
Q

BUA Reference Ranges

A

Male: 3.5 – 7.2 mg/dL (0.21 - 0.42 mmol/L)
Female: 2.6 – 6.0 mg/dL (0.15 - 0.35 mmol/L)

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32
Q

BUN Conversion factor

A

0.357

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33
Q

CREATININE Conversion factor

A

88.4

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34
Q

BUA Conversion factor

A

0.059

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35
Q

BUN Standard

A

50

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36
Q

CREATININE Standard

A

2

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37
Q

BUA Standard

A

10

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38
Q

BUN

BLANK
STANDARD
SAMPLE

A

Reagent: 2.0 ml
Water: 20 uL
Reagent: 2.0 ml
Standard reagent: 20 uL
Reagent: 2.0 ml
Serum: 20 uL

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39
Q

CREATININE

BLANK
STANDARD
SAMPLE

A

Reagent: 1.0 ml
Water: 100 uL
Reagent: 1.0 ml
Standard reagent: 100 uL
Reagent: 1.0 ml
Serum: 100 uL

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40
Q

BUA

BLANK
STANDARD
SAMPLE

A

Reagent: 1.0 ml
Water: 25 uL
Reagent: 1.0 ml
Standard reagent: 25 uL
Reagent: 1.0 ml
Serum: 25 uL

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41
Q

BUN Stand/Incubation

A

37C for 5 minutes
A1: 30 seconds at 37C A2: 60 seconds

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42
Q

CREATININE Stand/Incubation

A

37C for 5 minutes
A1: 60 seconds at 37C
A2: 60 seconds

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43
Q

BUA Stand/Incubation

A

37C for 5 minutes

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44
Q

BUN Absorbance

A

340 nm

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45
Q

CREATININE Absorbance

A

510 nm

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46
Q

BUA Absorbance

A

510-560nm

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47
Q

BUN Method

A

Coupled enzyme reaction (Urease & Glutamate DH)

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48
Q

CREATININE Method

A

Modified Jaffe Reaction

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49
Q

CREATININE Stability

A

24 hours at 2 – 8 C
Freeze samples for prolonged storage

50
Q

BUA Stability

A

5 days at 4C (Uric acid in serum)

51
Q

BUN Linearity

A

300 mg/dL

52
Q

CREATININE Linearity

A

20 mg/dl

53
Q

BUA Linearity

A

30 mg/dl

54
Q

Plasma collected in anticoagulant containing either ammonium or fluoride salts cannot be used.

A

BUN

55
Q

No interference was observed by the presence of:

A

CREATININE

56
Q

Oxalate, citrate and fluoride could yield a small decrease in uric acid. The following substances interfere in very high doses; a-methyldopa, L-dopa, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and gentisic acid.

A

BUA

57
Q

Hemoglobin: ≤500 mg/dL
Bilirubin: ≤4.4 mg/dL
Lipids: ≤600 mg/dL

A

BUN

58
Q

Hemoglobin: ≤200 mg/dL
Bilirubin: ≤7 mg/dL
Lipids: ≤600 mg/dL

A

CREATININE

59
Q

Hemoglobin: <50 mg/dL
Bilirubin: <33 mg/dL
Lipids: ≤1,200 mg/dL

A

BUA

60
Q

Total Cholesterol Reference Ranges

A

Desirable: 140 – 200 mg/dL
Borderline: 200 – 240 mg/dL
High Risk: >240 mg/dL

61
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE Reference Ranges

A

Desirable: <200 mg/dL (2.26 mmol/L)

62
Q

HDL – C Reference Ranges

A

Adult male: 35.3 – 79.5 mg/dL
Adult female: 42.0 – 88.0 mg/dL

63
Q

LDL-C Reference Ranges

A

Desirable: <130 mg/dL Borderline for CHD: 130 – 159 mg/dL
High Risk for CHD: ≥160 mg/dL 76 – 218 mg/dL

64
Q

Total Cholesterol Conversion factor

A

0.0259 (mmol/L)

65
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE Conversion factor

A

0.011

66
Q

Total Cholesterol Standard

A

200

67
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE Standard

A

200 mg/dL

68
Q

Total Cholesterol

BLANK
STANDARD
SAMPLE

A

Reagent: 1.0 ml
Water: 10wL
Reagent: 1.0 ml
Standard reagent: 10 pL
Reagent: 1.0 ml
Serum: 10 uL

69
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE

BLANK
STANDARD
SAMPLE

A

Reagent: 1.0 ml
Water: 10wL
Reagent: 1.0 ml
Standard reagent: 10 pL
Reagent: 1.0 ml
Serum: 10 uL

70
Q

HDL – C

BLANK
STANDARD
SAMPLE

A

Reagent A: 360 uL
Reagent B: 120 uL
Water: 4 uL
Reagent A: 360 uL
Reagent B: 120 uL
Calibrator: 4 pL
Reagent A: 360 uL
Reagent B: 120 uL
Serum: 4 uL

71
Q

LDL-C

BLANK
STANDARD
SAMPLE

A

Reagent A: 360 uL
Reagent B: 120 uL
Water: 4 uL
Reagent A: 360 uL
Reagent B: 120 uL
Calibrator: 4 pL
Reagent A: 360 uL
Reagent B: 120 uL
Serum: 4 uL

72
Q

Total Cholesterol Stand/Incubation

A

37C for 5 minutes

73
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE Stand/Incubation

A

37C for 5 minutes

74
Q

HDL – C Stand/Incubation

A

37C for 5 minutes

75
Q

LDL-C Stand/Incubation

A

37C for 5 minutes

76
Q

Total Cholesterol Absorbance

A

480 and 520 nm

77
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE Absorbance

A

546 nm

78
Q

HDL – C Absorbance

A

593 nm

79
Q

LDL-C Absorbance

A

600 nm

80
Q

Total Cholesterol Method

A

Cholesterol Oxidase (Trinder Method)

81
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE Method

A

Trinder method

82
Q

HDL – C Method

A

Immunologic method

83
Q

LDL-C Method

A

Modified Trinder

84
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE Specimen

A

Fasting specimen obtained (10 – 14 hours); either serum or EDTA

85
Q

LDL-C Specimen

A

serum, heparinized or EDTA plasma

86
Q

When EDTA plasma is used, the plasma value is converted to the equivalent serum value by multiplying the plasma value by 1.03.

A

TRIGLYCERIDE

87
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE Stability

A

4C: 3 days
frozen at -20C: 2 weeks
frozen at -70C: longer periods

88
Q

Lipemic specimens may require warming at 37C and vigorous mixing before analysis, especially if they have been frozen.

A

TRIGLYCERIDE

89
Q

TRIGLYCERIDE Linearity

LDL-C Linearity 400 mg/dL

A

1000 mg/dl

90
Q

Hemoglobin: ≤150 mg/dL
Bilirubin: ≤18 mg/dL

A

TRIGLYCERIDE

91
Q

Hemoglobin: ≤500 mg/dL
Bilirubin (free): ≤50 mg/dL
Bilirubin (conjugated): ≤40 mg/dL
Ascorbic acid: ≤50 mg/dL

A

LDL-C

92
Q

Direct Bilirubin Reference Ranges

A

Adults: ≤0.20 mg/dL (≤3.4 μmol/L)

93
Q

Total Bilirubin Reference Ranges

A

Adults: 0.2 – 1.0 mg/dL (3.4 – 17.1 μmol/L)
Newborns: Up to 24 hrs. 2.0 – 6.0 mg dL (3.4 – 103 μmol/L)
Up to 48 hrs.: 6.0 – 10.0 mg/dL (103 – 171 μmol/L)
3 – 5 days: 4.0 – 8.0 mg/dL (68 – 137 μmol/L)

94
Q

Direct Bilirubin REAGENT

A

Reagent A: 0.26M sodium chloride, 0.1Mm EDTA
Reagent B: 0.1mM EDTA, diazotized 2.4-dichloraniline 0.1mM, 0.18M hydrochloric acid

95
Q

Total Bilirubin REAGENT

A

Reagent A : 0.1M hydrochloric acid, surfactant
Reagent B: 0.1M hydrochloric acid, 3.5-dichlorophenyl diazonium salt 2mM, non-reactive stabilizers

96
Q

Direct Bilirubin

BLANK
STANDARD
SAMPLE

A

Reagent A: 1.0 mL
Reagent B: 250 uL
Water: 50 uL
Reagent A: 1.0 mL
Reagent B: 250 uL
Calibrator: 50 uL
Reagent A: 1.0 mL
Reagent B: 250 uL
Serum: 50 pL

97
Q

Total Bilirubin

BLANK
STANDARD
SAMPLE

A

Reagent A: 360 uL
Reagent B: 120 pL
Water: 4 uL

Reagent A: 360 uL
Reagent B: 120 uL
Calibrator: 4 pL

Reagent A: 360 uL
Reagent B: 120 uL
Serum: 4 uL

98
Q

Direct Bilirubin
Total Bilirubin

Stand/Incubation

A

25, 30 or 37C for 5 minutes [(Ac1) > (Ax1) > (Ac2) > (Ax2)]

99
Q

Direct Bilirubin
Total Bilirubin

Method

A

Modified Jendrassik-Grof Method

100
Q

Direct Bilirubin Absorbance

A

520-560 nm

101
Q

Total Bilirubin Absorbance

A

490-520 nm

102
Q

Fresh, hemolysis-free serum or heparinized plasma may be used. Carefully protect the sample from light until use. Bilirubin in sample is stable for 3 days when stored in the dark at 2-8 ̊C and 1 month at -20C Direct

A

Direct Bilirubin
Total Bilirubin

103
Q

Bilirubin Linearity

A

13 mg/dL

104
Q

Total Bilirubin Linearity

A

20 mg/dL

105
Q

Hemoglobin: ≤50 mg/dL
Lipids: ≤500 mg/dL
Ascorbic acid: ≤35 mg/dL

A

Direct Bilirubin

106
Q

Hemoglobin: ≤150 mg/dL
Lipids interfere

A

Total Bilirubin

107
Q

Conjugated (direct) bilirubin reacts with diazotized 2,4-dichloroaniline in acidic solution to produce an intensely colored red diazo compound (520-560 nm). The intensity of color of this dye in solution is proportional to the concentration of direct bilirubin.

A

Direct Bilirubin

108
Q

Bilirubin reacts with diazotized 3.5-dichloroaniline to produce an intensely colored diazo compound (490-520 nm). The intensity of color of this dye in solution is proportional to the concentration of total bilirubin. Free bilirubin is not soluble in aqueous media, but this reagent contains an association of surfactant and accelerators in order to provide an accurate measurement of total bilirubin.

A

Total Bilirubin

109
Q

The enzyme glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and H2O2. The H2O2 reacts with phenol and 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of peroxidase to form a quinoneimine dye. The intensity of the color formed (pink) is proportional to the glucose concentration and can be measured photometrically between 480 and 520 nm.

A

BLOOD GLUCOSE

110
Q

The CERA-STATTM 4000 is a boronate affinity assay. The CERA-STATTM HbA1c Test Kit consists of the test device, the R1 reagent and the R2 reagent. The R1 reagent contains the agents that lyse erythrocytes and precipitate hemoglobin specifically, as well as a blue boronic acid conjugate that binds cis-diol of glycated hemoglobin.

A

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN

111
Q

When blood is added to the R1 reagent, the erythrocytes are lysed and all hemoglobin precipitates. The boronic acid conjugate binds to the cis-diol configuration of glycated hemoglobin. An aliquot of the reaction mixture is added to the test device and all the precipitated hemoglobin, conjugatebound and unbound, remains on top of the filter. Any unbound boronate is removed with the R2 reagent. The precipitate is evaluated by measuring the blue (glycated hemoglobin) and the red (total hemoglobin) color intensity respectively with the CERA-STATTM 4000 Analyzer, the ratio between them being proportional to the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the sample.

A

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN

112
Q

Determination of Albumin in serum or plasma is usually based on the binding behavior of the protein with an anionic dye, bromcresol green forming a green colored complex.

A

Serum Albumin

113
Q

When a solution containing proteins is rejected with a tartrate-complex cupric ions and alkali, the copper binds to the peptide bond structure of the proteins, forming a purple colored chromogen.

A

Total Proteins

114
Q

The urease enzyme hydrolyzes urea in the sample to release ammonium ions, which react with 2oxoglutarate and NADH in the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase to form glutamate and NAD. The decrease in absorbance is measured at 340 nm.

A

BUN

115
Q

Creatinine reacts with picric acid in an alkaline environment to form a red-colored product (creatinine picrate). The intensity of the red color is directly proportional to creatinine concentration which can be measured at 500-520 nm. The use of a surfactant and sodium tetraborate keeps interferences at minimum

A

CREATININE

116
Q

Uric acid in the sample is oxidized by uricase to allantoin and hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide reacts with ADPS and 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of peroxidase to yield quinoneimine dye. The intensity of the dye is measured photometrically (510-560) and is directly proportional to the concentration of uric acid in the sample.

A

BUA

117
Q

Cholesterol ester hydrolase hydrolyzes cholesterol esters to free cholesterol and fatty acids. Cholesterol oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of free cholesterol to cholest-4-ene-3-one and hydrogen peroxide. The H2O2 reacts with p-chlorophenol and 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of peroxidase to form a quinoneimine dye. The intensity of color formed is proportional to the cholesterol concentration and can be measured photometrically between 480 and 520 nm.

A

Total Cholesterol

118
Q

Triglycerides are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase to produce glycerol and free fatty acids. The glycerol participates in a series of coupled enzymatic reactions in which glycerol kinase / glycerol phosphate oxidase are involved and H2O2 is generated. H2O2 reacts with TOPS and 4aminoantipyrine in the presence of peroxidase to form a quinoneimine dye. The intensity of color formed is proportional to the triglyceride concentration and can be measured photometrically at 546 nm

A

Triglycerides

119
Q

Anti-human 3 lipoprotein antibody in Reagent A binds to lipoproteins (LDL, VLDL and chylomicrons) other than HDL. The antigen-antibody complexes formed block enzyme reactions when Reagent B is added. Cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase in Reagent B react only with HDL-C. Hydrogen peroxide produced by the enzyme reactions with HDL-C yields a blue color complex upon oxidative condensation of F-DAOS [N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-3,5dimethoxy-4-fluoroaniline, sodium salt] and 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of peroxidase. By measuring the absorbance of the blue color complex produced, at the optimum wavelength of 593 nm, the HDL-C concentration in the sample can be calculated when compared with the absorbance of the HDL-C calibrator.

A

HDL – C

120
Q

When a sample is mixed with Reagent 1, the protecting reagent binds to LDL and protects it from enzyme reactions. Cholesterol esterase (ChE) and cholesterol oxidase (ChO) react with non-LDL lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL and HDL). Hydrogen peroxide produced by the enzyme reactions with non-LDL cholesterol is decomposed by catalase in Reagent 1. When Reagent 2 is added, the protecting agent is removed from LDL and catalase is inactivated. In this second process, ChE and ChO react only with LDL-C. Hydrogen peroxide produce by the enzyme reactions with LDL-C yields a color complex upon oxidase condensation with N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-3,5-dimethoxyaniline (HDAOS) AND 4aminoantipyrine (4AA) in the presence of peroxidase (POD). By measuring the absorbance of the blue color complex produced at approximately 600 nm, the LDL-C concentration in the sample can be calculated when compared with the absorbance of the LDL-C calibrator.

A

LDL-C

CC1 LAB (5 decks)

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