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Psychology GRE > Methods > Flashcards

Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Cohort effects

A

when subjects of the same age/demographics impact the study due to age-related factors
Ex. The UKB! Everyone gets older, more chronic pain

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2
Q

Face validity

A

Whether a test measures what it is supposed to measure
Do experts say it measures the thing it is supposed to?

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3
Q

internal validity

A

if the test is congruent with itself (same results for person across contexts)

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4
Q

external validity

A

If the test results are generalizable to different contexts or settings or other measures

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5
Q

concurrent validity

A

extent to which the results of a test correspond to those of a previously established measurement for the same construct
do pain scales have concurrent validity with eachother?

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6
Q

construct validity

A

Does the test measure the underlying constructs/theories it seeks to measure?
Are pain scales for chronic pain actually measuring pain for pain patients?

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7
Q

grouping data: ordinal

A

classifies data into ordered classes (such as if there is a hierarchy in the data)

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8
Q

grouping data: interval scale

A

shows numerical values of distance between any two adjacent attributes

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9
Q

F-scale

A

personality test for fascism (authoritarism) in different contexts

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10
Q

grouping data: nominal

A

groups data into categories and other non-quantitative values

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11
Q

what type of study is best to look at differences among multiple demographics?

A

cross sectional study

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12
Q

Q-sort test:

A

participant sorts cards by which are characteristic for them and which are not characteristic

sorting qualities

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13
Q

Minnesota multi phasic personality inventory

A

Personality measure (originally for psychological disorders)
-550 true/false not sure questions
-cons: have not been shown to discriminate between different disorders
pros: high validity
Does NOT measure interpersonal skills

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14
Q

California Personality Inventory

A

personality test (less clinical groups than the MMPI)
Measures interpersonal skills

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15
Q

Myers Briggs

A

-Derived from carl jung’s personality theory
-Given 4 letter personality type

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16
Q

Julian Rotter’s internal-external locus of control scale

A

pretty self explanatory

17
Q

curvilinear correlation:

A

two variables that are positively correlated up to a certain point, when they become negatively correlated

18
Q

ratio variables:

A

Has an order, equal intervals, and an absolute zero:

examples:
enzyme activity, dose amount, reaction rate, flow rate, concentration, pulse, weight, length, temperature in Kelvin (0.0 Kelvin really does mean “no heat”), survival time

19
Q

power in a statistical test

A

ability to find a difference in distributions when there actually is one

20
Q

ordinal variable:

A

something that can be divided up into ranked categories but cannot be definied numerically always (like education experience, high school, college, etc)

21
Q

inter-rater reliability:

A

Answers to a test will yield the same results irregardless of who is grading it

22
Q

wilcoxon signed ranks tests

A

non parametric tests that compare related samples, matched samples or repeated measures on a single sample

23
Q

projective personality tests

A

tests where people “project” parts of their psyche on objects/choices
intentionally ambiguous
affected by rater’s bias

24
Q

type 1 eror

A

False positive: person is diagnosed with an illness although they don’t have one

25
Q

type 2 error

A

False negative: an illness is falsely not diagnosed and you miss it

26
Q

chi-squared test is used:

A

to describe how much difference there is between observed and expected data

27
Q

One way vs. two way ANOVA

A

one-way: 3 or more groups differ significantly (one independent var)

two-way: means of 3 or more groups differ significantly for more than one independent var

28
Q

T-test

A

If two groups differ significantly

29
Q

Difference between bar graph and a histogram:

A

Histogram: bars touch, can be good to show distributions

30
Q

spurious variable

A

spurious variable

Psychology GRE (6 decks)

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