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CPL Prep > Meteorology > Flashcards

Meteorology Flashcards

1
Q

What conditions are required for airframe ice to form?

A

Visible moisture is required.
Temps below freezing point.

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2
Q

How does a tornado form?

A

When rotational velocity below a Cumulonimbus is increased due to surface convergence.

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of a heat type (convective localized) thunderstorm?

A

More common in afternoons & can persist for long periods of time.

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4
Q

What type of cloud is most likely to cause the formation of rime ice?

A

Altostratus

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5
Q

Where will clear ice form in relation to the freezing level

A

Between the freezing level & 6000/8000ft above the freezing level

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6
Q

What is the most predominant method through which cooling, leading to cloud formation takes place?

A

Widespread ascent of air

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7
Q

How does the adiabatic process affect anabatic winds?

A

The adiabatic cooling of rising air helps to oppose the upwards flow

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8
Q

When air with few condensation nuclei is cooled & condensation is delayed beyond the temperature where it should have occurred, the condition is known as what?

A

Super saturation

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9
Q

What is occurring when the process of conduction is taking place

A

Contact occurs between molecules at different temperatures & sensible heat is transferred.

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10
Q

What is the primary factor which determines the stability of an airmass?

A

Environmental temperature lapse rate (ELR)

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11
Q

An adiabatic lapse rate means the rate of change in what?

A

Temperature within parcels of air as a result of compression or expansion

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of an orographic thunderstorm

A

Long lasting with heavy precipitation

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13
Q

Two columns of air have the same QNH, if the pressure indicated on a barometer at 10000” in the warm column is 700hPa, what will the barometer indicate when placed in the cold column at the same altitude?

A

Less than 700hPa

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14
Q

During winter months when comparing the surface air temps & pressure in continental regions with these in oceanic regions, it can be said that in continental regions generally?

A

The temps are lower & pressures are higher

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15
Q

What occurs over the land to terrestrial radiation, conduction & convection during a clear Nighy that follows a sunny winters day.

A

Terrestrial radiation, convection & conduction all continue.

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16
Q

Describe the process involved in the formation of freeing rain.

A

Rain drops fall through a layer of freezing air, become super cooled & form clear ice upon contact with an object.

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17
Q

Does the amount of water content in the cloud effect the rate of ice accretion?

A

Yes, the higher the water content the greater the rate of ice accretion.

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18
Q

The temperature of the Troposphere is most influenced by heating from what?

A

Below by terrestrial radiation & convection

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19
Q

What is the process whereby microbursts can occur beneath high base mature CB’sc with warm dry air beneath the base?

A

Descending rain from the CB evaporates & in doing so draws large amounts of latent heat from the air, cooling the air & creating a microburst substantially cooler than the environment air

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20
Q

Define QNH

A

Aerodrome level pressure corrected to MSL using ISA temp lapse rates. When set on altimeter, the instrument will read altitude above MSL

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21
Q

What is hail?

A

Ice embryo gaining a layer of rime ice on an updraft, then a layer of clear ice on a downdraft & once too heavy to be supported, falls, or ejected as hail.

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22
Q

What is cold advection?

A

Cold air moving towards warmer regions.

Lower layers will heat up creating instability.

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23
Q

What is warm advection?

A

Warm air moving towards colder regions.

Lower layers cool, condense & usually form stable, layer type cloud.

24
Q

What causes dissipation of radiation fog?

A
  • An increase in wind dispersing the warm vs cold layers.
  • Sun’s heat penetrates fog & warms the earth thus evaporating water droplets from ground up.
25
Q

Following the passage of a warm front, the dew point is said to be what?

A

Higher than before the front.

26
Q

What is the decaying stage of a thunderstorm?

A
  • Updrafts cease
  • Downdraft remain
  • Smoother conditions in the cloud but conditions below remain unchanged.
  • Precipitation is normally heavy below the base.
27
Q

What are the characteristics of a Polar Mairitime air mass?

A

Cold & slightly moist

28
Q

What is the horizontal & vertical extent of a sea breeze?

A

25 - 40km inland
Below 2000-3000ft

29
Q

What is the result of having too few condensation nuclei in the air?

A

Condensation will be delayed

30
Q

What happens to relative humidity after a warm front has passed?

A

Higher than before the front

31
Q

List things which can affect the amount of incoming solar radiation reaching the surface

A
  • Dust
  • Water vapour
  • Ozone
32
Q

When is time ice most commonly encountered?

A

When super-cooled water droplets are small in size & temps between -15°C & -30°C

33
Q

What is the effect of an increase in temp on atmospheric density & pressure lapse rate?

A

Both air density & pressure lapse rate decreases

34
Q

Compare cold & warm front in regards to temp, pressure, cloud & precipitation.

A

Cold front
- Temp steady then falling
- Pressure falling the rising
- Cloud some Stratiform & Cb followed by Cu & TCu
- Precipitation +TSRA & possible hail followed by showers

Warm front
- Temp rising then steady
- Falling then steady
- Cloud increasing of cloud with slowly lowering bases then clearing
- Precipitation Virga then light rain for 12-24 hrs

35
Q

Define the stratosphere.

A

Second layer of thr earth’s atmosphere. Extends from approx 11km up to 50km above earth.
Temp increased from average of -56°C at the bottom to -2°C at the top.

36
Q

Define the troposphere

A

Lowest layer of the atmosphere on average 35,090ft.
Temp generally decreases with height & is the layer in which almost all aerosols & water vapour is found.

37
Q

What weather elements are most likely to occur in an “Inactive Intertropical Convergence Zone”

A

Few cloud if any.
If clouds present, will be cumuliform.
Light & variable winds.
Occasional showers.

38
Q

What can be determined from the presence of Lenticular Clouds?

A

Mountain waves present but may not carry severe turbulence.

39
Q

How will the pressure, Temperature, visibility & dew point change as a warm front passes over a ground station?

A

Pressure - Arrests or falls
Temp - Increase
Vis - Very poor
Dew Point - Steady

40
Q

What flight conditions will be most likely encountered when a pilot flies towards a layer of convective clouds?

A

Good visibility above the cloud & turbulent conditions below

41
Q

You are flying through light precipitation & whisps of cloud in a turbine aircraft. The OAT Guage is indicating -5°C.
What type of icing are you likely to encounter?

A

Clear ice

42
Q

State the average heights & temps of the tropopause at
- Equator
- Poles
- Mid latitudes

A

56,000” -75°C
26,000” -45°C
36,000” -56°C

43
Q

Is latent heat required or delivered during condensation?

A

Released

44
Q

Describe the western sequence of a cold front.

A

Rapid lifting of warm moist air causes development of Cu, TCu & Cb clouds.
Brief intense downpours.
Move at 25-40 kts.
Last 2-3 hours typically.

45
Q

Describe weather & wind conditions associated with La Nina

A

Stronger easterly winds.
More active & stronger cyclone activity.
Low level convergence.

46
Q

Sublimation is what & is latent heat required or released?

A

Solid changing to a Gas

Latent heat required.

47
Q

Deposition is what & is latent heat required or released?

A

Gas changing to a Solid
Latent heat released

48
Q

Describe solar radiation & terrestrial radiation

A

Solar radiation
Direct absorbed radiation from the sun. Short wavelength radiation.

Terrestrial radiation
“Bounced” radiation off the earth back into the atmosphere. Long wavelength radiation.

49
Q

Describe weather & winds associated with El Nino

A

Stronger westerly winds
Low level divergence
Low level convergence over Pacific Ocean

50
Q

What is atmospheric convection?

A

The rising of air caused by heating between different layers of air

51
Q

What are the vertical & horizontal dimensions of a turbulent zone?

A

Twice the height
15 times the height horizontally

52
Q

What are some favorable conditions for the development of a sea breeze?

A
  • Coastal situation
  • Fine weather & especially summertime.
  • Slack pressure gradient
  • Mid-morning to late afternoon for onset
53
Q

What type of surface has the highest Albedo value?

A

Snow or Ice

54
Q

Adiabatic cooling is said to occur when a parcel of air does what?

A

Ascends
Expands
Cools without loss/gain of heat from the surrounding environment

55
Q

True or false

Horizontal wind is produced by air moving from an area of LOW pressure to an area of HIGH pressure.

A

False
Wind always wants to flow to a low.

56
Q

As latitude increases coriolis force does what?

A

Increases

57
Q

Describe the weather sequence of s warm front.

A

Warm moist air pushes up & over cooler air.
Development of As, Ns, SC, St clouds.
Continuous rain & can also deliver sleet, snow & very low cloud.

CPL Prep (10 decks)

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