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CPL Prep > Air Tech > Flashcards

Air Tech Flashcards

1
Q

What does Ramp Weight include / exclude?

A

Zero fuel weight
Fuel

Can be more than Take-off Weight if fuel burnt for taxiing occurs.

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2
Q

What does Gross Weight include/exclude?

A

Basic Empty Weight
Pilot + Crew + Baggage
Payload
Fuel

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3
Q

What does MCTOW stand for?

A

Maximum certificated takeoff weight

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4
Q

What’s does MCLW stand for?

A

Maximum certificated landing weight

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5
Q

Explain when you would use ram air, filtered air & carburettor heated air?

A

Ram air - for maximum performance & volumetric efficiency.
Filtered air - whilst near ground or when air needs filtering.
Heated air - when icing is affecting performance.

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6
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of a generator.

A

Disadvantages
- Heavier & larger than alternators
- Produce less current per rpm

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7
Q

What is compass deviation?

A

The angle between the magnetic meridian & the compass needle.

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8
Q

What would indicate a failure in the Pitot Static system?

A

The ASI will indicate a false reading.

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9
Q

Under what conditions would you be susceptible to carbon monoxide poisoning?

A
  • Hovering in a tail wind
  • Leaking exhaust manifold
  • Taxiing downwind
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10
Q

What is detonation?

A

Spontaneous combustion of fuel-air mix after normal ignition.
Arises from mixture charge being too high pressure &/or temperature.

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11
Q

Describe the function of the inlet valve & the exhaust valve.

A

Inlet to allow fuel-air mix into the cylinders.
Exhaust valve to provide an outlet for burnt exhaust gases.

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12
Q

What is pre-ignition?

A

Combustion for fuel-air mix before normal combustion.

Arises from hot spots/carbon deposit igniting - hit & dirty engine.

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13
Q

Explain methods of reducing Cylinder Head Temp in a piston engine helicopter.

A
  • Keep fuel mix on the richer side.
  • Don’t do long descents with the throttle closed.
  • Don’t climb at high power & low speed.
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14
Q

Define amps

A

Rate of current flow.

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15
Q

Define volts

A

Electrical pressure

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16
Q

Define ohms

A

Electrical resistance

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17
Q

State ohms law

A

A pressure of 1 volt applied a current of 1 amo will flow through a conductor which has a resistance of 1 ohm

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18
Q

Explain the difference between direct current and alternating current.

A

Direct current is a continuous flow of electrical current around a circuit.

Alternating current is when the current regularly changes flow from one way around the circuit than the other

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19
Q

What are the benefits of valve lead?

A

Reduces back pressure on the piston during the early part of the exhaust stroke.
Allows more time for the exhaust games to exit the cylinder.

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20
Q

What is the function of a voltage regulator?

A

To maintain a desired voltage output to the battery & electrical services.

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21
Q

If the engine oil temp & cylinder head temp gauges have exceeded their normal operating range you may have been doing what?

A

Operating with too much power & with the fuel mixture set too lean.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a venturi in a float type carburettor?

A

To create a pressure drop, which will draw fuel into the airstream.

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23
Q

Will the alternator of a helicopter supply electrical current to a helicopters electrical system if the aircraft’s battery is flat?

A

No

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24
Q

Magneto system has a faulty ground connection. What will this cause?

A

Engine will keep running however magnetos will still be “hot” when key is off.

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25
Q

What are some of the consequences of operating an engine for extended periods with an overly rich mixture?

A
  • Lower than optimal CHT
  • Fouling of spark plugs
  • Loss of power
  • Rough running
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26
Q

If a centre zero ammeter continues to show charge for an extended period after start up. What is going on?

A

There is a possibility that the battery is being overcharged & and the flight should be terminated.
(Voltage regulator failure)

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27
Q

How is the mixture controlled in a fuel injection system?

A

With the throttle butterfly & metering unit

28
Q

Of the engine air take filter became partially clogged, how would max manifold pressure & max hovering ceiling be affected?

A

Manifold pressure would be decreased.
Max hover ceiling decreased.

29
Q

What is the purpose of a pressure relief valve in the oil system?

A

Relives pressure when it reaches a predetermined limit.

30
Q

When full carburettor heat is applied to melt ice, which has formed in the carburettor, the engine may initially run very rough because?

A

The density of the air entering the engine has decreased, further upsetting the mixture ratio.

31
Q

Pilot notices altimeter has stopped changing with climbs & descents & the VSI needle is frozen at 0. If the pilot climbs to a higher altitude, they should expect the ASI to what?

A

Progressively under-read

32
Q

Flight with a door removed results in a cabin pressure lower than ambient pressure. If the static pressure line develops a leak inside the cabin how would the altimeter & ASI be affected?

A

Altimeter - Read high
ASI - Read high

33
Q

What is the function of the idle jet in a carburettor?

A

To provide extra fuel at low RPM when the main fuel jet becomes unreliable.

34
Q

What actions should you take if a fuse or circuit breaker pops?

A

Both fuses & circuit breakers should only be replaced or reset once.

35
Q

What does a magnetometer do?

A

Sense the direction of the earth’s magnetic field

36
Q

List one of the more important functions of the alternator?

A

To recharge the battery

37
Q

A typical fuel quantity detector system is what?

A

Is calibrated for straight & level flight.
Electric detector may have float or capacitor.
Float detector located in tanks is accurate in most attitudes.

38
Q

GPS RAIM warning appears.
What does it mean?

A

Insufficient satellites are available or accuracy degraded.

39
Q

In cruise flight, the symptoms of carburettor icing in helicopters are what?

A
  • Loss of power
  • Reduction of boost
  • Lower RPM
  • Potential rough running
40
Q

Impending engine failure is most likely to be indicated by the combination of what?

A

Fluctuating or low oil pressure
&
High oil temp

41
Q

Given a constant IAS describe the relationship between TAS & air pressure / air density.

A

TAS increases with a decrease in air density.

42
Q

A basic fuel injection system is….?

A
  • Indirect injection.
  • Injection in manifold just prior to intake valve.
43
Q

List advantages of solid state ignition.

A
  • Better fuel economy
  • Easier starting
  • Less maintenance
44
Q

Define Rated Altitude.

A

Altitude where rated power is developed at full throttle.

Most piston engines will be somewhere near sea level.

45
Q

Define Torque

A

Force which produces a twisting or turning force.

46
Q

Define Brake Power

A

Engine power measured from the crankshaft.

47
Q

Define rated power

A

Power that is stated in the Pilot’s Operating Handbook
Brake power developed by an engine in good condition at ISA

48
Q

Define full throttle height

A

Altitude where a given manifold pressure cannot be maintained & begins to reduce.

49
Q

Define volumetric efficiency

A

Relates to the ability of the engine to breathe.

50
Q

Define mechanical efficiency

A

Relationship between brake power produced & the indicated or theoretical power that could be created.

51
Q

Define thermal efficiency

A

Potential energy stored compared to the useful work created

52
Q

What does payload include/exclude?

A

Anything that is paying to be on the flight.
Passengers
Their baggage
Freight or cargo

53
Q

What system is designed to help avoid collisions with terrain?

A

TAWS - Terrain awareness & warning system.
Provides aural & visual warning.

54
Q

What is a unit type fire detection system?

A

Usually thermocouples or bi-metallic switch.

Usually situated at points where an outbreak of a fire is most likely to occur.

55
Q

What is the purpose of the main rotor transmission?

A

To reduce engine RPM to the ideal rotor RPM.

56
Q

For practical purposes, current flows in what direction?

A

Positive to negative

(Which is the opposite to actual electron flow)

57
Q

What occurs inside a lead acid battery?

A

Chemical reaction in the electrolyte causing electrons to flow between dissimilar metals.

58
Q

A hydraulic system operating at 2000psi acts on a jack with a piston area of 2 inches. How much force is being applied to that jack?

A

4000Ilbs

(2000psi x 2inches = 4000Ilbs

59
Q

What does an enrichment system on a carb system do?

A

Provide extra fuel for cooling at high power settings

60
Q

Static leak inside an unpressurised aircraft, what will the altimeter read?

A

Over-read

61
Q

What is the purpose of fuel tank baffles?

A

Increase strength & prevent surging during flight maneuvers & turbulence.

62
Q

What’s an advantage of a hydraulic system?

A

Small input force transferred to a large force somewhere else.

63
Q

Describe the errors associated with a Vertical Speed Indicator

A

Lag error
> Due to how it works there is always lag.

Position error
> Fluctuations in pressure at the static vent may cause fluctuations in the VSI even at level flight.

64
Q

Describe errors associated with an altimeter.

A

Instrument error
> Caused by small imperfections from manufacture & installation

Position error
> Caused by problems with the position of static vents

Instrument lag
> Altimeter takes time to adjust to rapid changes

65
Q

List disadvantages of fuel injection systems

A
  • Vapour lock
  • Susceptible to fuel contamination
  • Greater need for an awareness of fuel distribution
66
Q

List advantages of fuel injection systems?

A
  • No refrigeration ice
  • Uniform delivery of fuel-air mix
  • Fewer maintenance problems
  • Better throttle response
  • Increased engine efficiency

CPL Prep (10 decks)

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