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Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first reaction of metals when they react with oxygen?

A

Metal + oxygen → oxide

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2
Q

What is the reaction of metals with water?

A

Metal + water → hydroxide + hydrogen

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3
Q

What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

Salt + hydrogen

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4
Q

What occurs in a displacement reaction involving salts?

A

Salt + more reactive metal → salt + less reactive metal

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5
Q

What is oxidation in terms of metal reactions?

A

Metals + oxygen → metal oxide

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6
Q

What does the term ‘reduction’ refer to in metal reactions?

A

The loss of oxygen

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7
Q

What is a reactivity series?

A

An arrangement of metals in order of their reactivity

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8
Q

List the first four metals in the reactivity series.

A
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Lithium
  • Calcium
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9
Q

How does magnesium react with oxygen?

A

Very slow reaction.

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10
Q

What is the reaction of zinc with dilute acid?

A

Fizz, giving off H2 gas. Salt forms

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11
Q

What is the reactivity of copper with acids?

A

React slowly with warm acids

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12
Q

Do gold and silver react with acids?

A

No reaction

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13
Q

True or False: Carbon and hydrogen are metals.

A

False

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14
Q

Why does aluminium appear less reactive than it is?

A

It forms an unreactive oxide layer on its surface

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Metals can react with _______ to form hydroxides and hydrogen.

A

water

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16
Q

What is the general reaction of metals with water?

A

Metal + water → hydroxide + hydrogen

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17
Q

What occurs when lithium reacts with water?

A

Effervescence, hydrogen produced, floats and moves around on surface of water

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18
Q

What is the result of sodium reacting with water?

A

Melts into a sphere, effervescence, hydrogen produced, floats and moves around on surface of water

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19
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

A

Effervescence, hydrogen produced, burns with a lilac flame, mini explosion at end, floats and moves around on surface of the water

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20
Q

What is the general reaction of metals with acids?

A

Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen

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21
Q

What occurs when magnesium reacts with dilute acid?

A

Vigorous reaction, Mg disappears to give colourless solution, test tube heats up

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22
Q

How do zinc and iron react with dilute acid?

A

Gentle slow reactions, small amount of heat produced

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23
Q

What happens when copper reacts with dilute acid?

A

No reaction

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24
Q

What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

A salt is produced

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25
How is the name of the salt formed in a metal-acid reaction structured?
Metal followed by the type of acid
26
What is the salt produced from hydrochloric acid?
Chloride (Cl)
27
What is the salt produced from sulfuric acid?
Sulfate (SO4)
28
What is the salt produced from nitric acid?
Nitrate (NO3)
29
In a displacement reaction, what happens?
More reactive metal displaces less reactive metal from its compounds
30
What is the native state of unreactive metals?
Found in the earth as pure metals, do not react and combine with other metals
31
Where are most metals found?
Combined with other elements to form compounds
32
What is the primary source of metals?
Ores from the earth's crust
33
How is the method used to extract metals determined?
Relative to their place on the reactivity series
34
Which metals are found uncombined and can be mined directly?
Gold and silver
35
Which metals are found combined with other elements?
Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead, Copper
36
What method is used to extract metals like Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead, and Copper?
Displacement reaction by heating with carbon
37
What is the reaction for extracting iron from iron ore?
iron ore (Fe2O3) + carbon (C) → iron (Fe) + carbon dioxide (CO2)
38
What happens to iron oxide and carbon during the extraction process?
Iron oxide is reduced and carbon is oxidised
39
What method is used for metals more reactive than carbon?
Electrolysis
40
List some metals that require electrolysis for extraction.
* Potassium * Sodium * Lithium * Calcium * Magnesium * Aluminium
41
What are the drawbacks of using electrolysis for metal extraction?
Very expensive and energy intensive
42
What are the methods used for extracting metals from low-grade ores?
* Bioleaching * Phytomining
43
What is Phytomining?
Uses plants to absorb metal compounds
44
How does Phytomining work?
Plants absorb copper ions from low-grade copper ore, then are burnt and copper compounds are extracted from the ash
45
What is Bioleaching?
Bacteria are fed on low-grade copper ores to produce a solution of copper ions
46
What is the solution left behind by bacteria in Bioleaching called?
Leachate
47
True or False: Bioleaching and Phytomining are traditional mining methods.
False
48
Fill in the blank: The earth's resources of metal ores are _______.
limited
49
How can metal be obtained from copper compound solutions?
By displacement using scrap iron or by electrolysis
50
List the advantages of phytomining and bioleaching compared to traditional methods.
* Way of using low grade copper ores which otherwise would be wasted * Requires less energy than electrolysis * Produces less air pollution * Reduces the amount of waste rock
51
What are the disadvantages of phytomining and bioleaching?
* Can produce toxic chemicals * Much slower processes * Electrolysis to obtain copper from the solution requires lots of energy and is expensive
52
What is an alloy?
A mixture of two or more elements, where at least one element is a metal
53
Why are alloys used instead of pure metals?
Alloys are stronger than pure metals
54
Describe the lattice structure of pure metals.
Atoms are arranged in layers, allowing metals to be bent and shaped
55
Why are pure metals often too soft for many uses?
Because they lack strength compared to alloys
56
What effect does the different size of ions in alloys have?
It distorts the layers, making it more difficult for them to slide over each other
57
True or False: Almost every everyday metal used is an alloy.
True
58
Fill in the blank: An alloy is a mixture of _______.
[two or more elements with at least one being a metal]
59
What is bronze an alloy of?
Copper and tin
60
What is brass an alloy of?
Copper and zinc
61
What are the components of gold used in jewellery?
Alloy with silver, copper, and zinc
62
What does 24 carat gold represent?
100% gold
63
What does 18 carat gold represent?
75% gold
64
What are steels primarily alloys of?
Iron with specific amounts of carbon and other metals
65
What is a characteristic of high carbon steel?
Strong but brittle
66
What is a characteristic of low carbon steel?
Softer and more easily shaped
67
What elements are contained in stainless steels?
Chromium and nickel
68
What is a key property of aluminium alloys?
Low density
69
How can metals be recycled?
By melting and recasting or reforming into different products
70
What factors influence the amount of separation required for recycling?
Material and properties required for the final product
71
Why is iron easy to separate for recycling?
Because it is magnetic
72
List some advantages of recycling metals
* Fewer quarries and mines are needed * Smaller areas of natural habitat are damaged * Metal ores are finite and conserved * Less energy needed to produce metal by recycling
73
List some disadvantages of recycling metals
* Many metallic objects are made from alloys which can't be separated * Some metals are difficult to separate from each other * Items need to be transported to recycling locations

Chemistry (16 decks)

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