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Chemistry > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first reaction of metals when they react with oxygen?

A

Metal + oxygen → oxide

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2
Q

What is the reaction of metals with water?

A

Metal + water → hydroxide + hydrogen

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3
Q

What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

Salt + hydrogen

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4
Q

What occurs in a displacement reaction involving salts?

A

Salt + more reactive metal → salt + less reactive metal

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5
Q

What is oxidation in terms of metal reactions?

A

Metals + oxygen → metal oxide

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6
Q

What does the term ‘reduction’ refer to in metal reactions?

A

The loss of oxygen

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7
Q

What is a reactivity series?

A

An arrangement of metals in order of their reactivity

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8
Q

List the first four metals in the reactivity series.

A
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Lithium
  • Calcium
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9
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

A

Fizzing, producing H2 gas, leaves behind alkaline solution of metal hydroxide

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10
Q

How does magnesium react with oxygen?

A

Reacts with oxygen

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11
Q

What is the reaction of zinc with dilute acid?

A

Fizz, giving off H2 gas. Salt forms

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12
Q

What is the reactivity of copper with acids?

A

React slowly with warm acids

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13
Q

Do gold and silver react with acids?

A

No reaction

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14
Q

True or False: Carbon and hydrogen are metals.

A

False

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15
Q

Why does aluminium appear less reactive than it is?

A

It forms an unreactive oxide layer on its surface

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Metals can react with _______ to form hydroxides and hydrogen.

A

water

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17
Q

What is the general reaction of metals with water?

A

Metal + water → hydroxide + hydrogen

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18
Q

What occurs when lithium reacts with water?

A

Effervescence, hydrogen produced, floats and moves around on surface of water

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19
Q

What is the result of sodium reacting with water?

A

Melts into a sphere, effervescence, hydrogen produced, floats and moves around on surface of water

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20
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

A

Effervescence, hydrogen produced, burns with a lilac flame, mini explosion at end, floats and moves around on surface of the water

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21
Q

What is the general reaction of metals with acids?

A

Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen

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22
Q

What occurs when magnesium reacts with dilute acid?

A

Vigorous reaction, Mg disappears to give colourless solution, test tube heats up

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23
Q

How do zinc and iron react with dilute acid?

A

Gentle slow reactions, small amount of heat produced

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24
Q

What happens when copper reacts with dilute acid?

A

No reaction

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25
Q

What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

A salt is produced

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26
Q

How is the name of the salt formed in a metal-acid reaction structured?

A

Metal followed by the type of acid

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27
Q

What is the salt produced from hydrochloric acid?

A

Chloride (Cl)

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28
Q

What is the salt produced from sulfuric acid?

A

Sulfate (SO4)

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29
Q

What is the salt produced from nitric acid?

A

Nitrate (NO3)

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30
Q

In a displacement reaction, what happens?

A

More reactive metal displaces less reactive metal from its compounds

31
Q

What is the native state of unreactive metals?

A

Found in the earth as pure metals, do not react and combine with other metals

32
Q

Where are most metals found?

A

Combined with other elements to form compounds

33
Q

What is the primary source of metals?

A

Ores from the earth’s crust

34
Q

How is the method used to extract metals determined?

A

Relative to their place on the reactivity series

35
Q

Which metals are found uncombined and can be mined directly?

A

Gold and silver

36
Q

Which metals are found combined with other elements?

A

Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead, Copper

37
Q

What method is used to extract metals like Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead, and Copper?

A

Displacement reaction by heating with carbon

38
Q

What is the reaction for extracting iron from iron ore?

A

iron ore (Fe2O3) + carbon (C) → iron (Fe) + carbon dioxide (CO2)

39
Q

What happens to iron oxide and carbon during the extraction process?

A

Iron oxide is reduced and carbon is oxidised

40
Q

What method is used for metals more reactive than carbon?

A

Electrolysis

41
Q

List some metals that require electrolysis for extraction.

A
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Lithium
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Aluminium
42
Q

What are the drawbacks of using electrolysis for metal extraction?

A

Very expensive and energy intensive

43
Q

What are the methods used for extracting metals from low-grade ores?

A
  • Bioleaching
  • Phytomining
44
Q

What is Phytomining?

A

Uses plants to absorb metal compounds

45
Q

How does Phytomining work?

A

Plants absorb copper ions from low-grade copper ore, then are burnt and copper compounds are extracted from the ash

46
Q

What is Bioleaching?

A

Bacteria are fed on low-grade copper ores to produce a solution of copper ions

47
Q

What is the solution left behind by bacteria in Bioleaching called?

A

Leachate

48
Q

True or False: Bioleaching and Phytomining are traditional mining methods.

A

False

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The earth’s resources of metal ores are _______.

A

limited

50
Q

How can metal be obtained from copper compound solutions?

A

By displacement using scrap iron or by electrolysis

51
Q

List the advantages of phytomining and bioleaching compared to traditional methods.

A
  • Way of using low grade copper ores which otherwise would be wasted
  • Requires less energy than electrolysis
  • Produces less air pollution
  • Reduces the amount of waste rock
52
Q

What are the disadvantages of phytomining and bioleaching?

A
  • Can produce toxic chemicals
  • Much slower processes
  • Electrolysis to obtain copper from the solution requires lots of energy and is expensive
53
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of two or more elements, where at least one element is a metal

54
Q

Why are alloys used instead of pure metals?

A

Alloys are stronger than pure metals

55
Q

Describe the lattice structure of pure metals.

A

Atoms are arranged in layers, allowing metals to be bent and shaped

56
Q

Why are pure metals often too soft for many uses?

A

Because they lack strength compared to alloys

57
Q

What effect does the different size of ions in alloys have?

A

It distorts the layers, making it more difficult for them to slide over each other

58
Q

True or False: Almost every everyday metal used is an alloy.

A

True

59
Q

Fill in the blank: An alloy is a mixture of _______.

A

[two or more elements with at least one being a metal]

60
Q

What is bronze an alloy of?

A

Copper and tin

61
Q

What is brass an alloy of?

A

Copper and zinc

62
Q

What are the components of gold used in jewellery?

A

Alloy with silver, copper, and zinc

63
Q

What does 24 carat gold represent?

A

100% gold

64
Q

What does 18 carat gold represent?

A

75% gold

65
Q

What are steels primarily alloys of?

A

Iron with specific amounts of carbon and other metals

66
Q

What is a characteristic of high carbon steel?

A

Strong but brittle

67
Q

What is a characteristic of low carbon steel?

A

Softer and more easily shaped

68
Q

What elements are contained in stainless steels?

A

Chromium and nickel

69
Q

What is a key property of aluminium alloys?

A

Low density

70
Q

How can metals be recycled?

A

By melting and recasting or reforming into different products

71
Q

What factors influence the amount of separation required for recycling?

A

Material and properties required for the final product

72
Q

Why is iron easy to separate for recycling?

A

Because it is magnetic

73
Q

List some advantages of recycling metals

A
  • Fewer quarries and mines are needed
  • Smaller areas of natural habitat are damaged
  • Metal ores are finite and conserved
  • Less energy needed to produce metal by recycling
74
Q

List some disadvantages of recycling metals

A
  • Many metallic objects are made from alloys which can’t be separated
  • Some metals are difficult to separate from each other
  • Items need to be transported to recycling locations

Chemistry (16 decks)

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