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Chemistry > Acid alkalis and making salts > Flashcards

Acid alkalis and making salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens to metal atoms when they react with other substances?

A

They form positive ions.

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2
Q

What does the reactivity of a metal relate to?

A

Its tendency to form positive ions.

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3
Q

What are redox reactions?

A

Reactions where one substance is oxidised and another is reduced.

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4
Q

What does oxidation mean in terms of electrons?

A

Loss of electrons.

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5
Q

What does reduction mean in terms of electrons?

A

Gain of electrons.

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6
Q

What is the mnemonic for remembering oxidation and reduction?

A

OILRIG (Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain).

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7
Q

What do acids donate in solution?

A

H⁺ ions.

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8
Q

List some common acids.

A
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9
Q

What is the formula for sulphuric acid?

A

H₂SO₄.

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10
Q

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl.

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11
Q

What is the formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO₃.

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12
Q

What do bases donate in solution?

A

OH⁻ ions.

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13
Q

What are alkalis?

A

Soluble bases.

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14
Q

List some common alkalis.

A
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15
Q

What is the formula for sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH.

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16
Q

What is the formula for potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH.

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17
Q

What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)₂.

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18
Q

What is the formula for ammonia?

A

NH₃.

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19
Q

What are some common bases that do not dissolve in water?

A

Metal hydroxides, metal oxides, metal carbonates.

20
Q

What is the general reaction of a metal with an acid?

A

Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen.

21
Q

What type of reaction occurs when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

Redox reaction.

22
Q

What do hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and nitric acid produce?

A

Chlorides, sulphates, and nitrates respectively.

23
Q

What gas is produced during the reaction of a metal with an acid?

A

Hydrogen gas.

24
Q

What is produced during the neutralisation of an acid with an alkali/base?

A

Salt + Water.

25
Q

What is the general reaction of an acid with a carbonate?

A

Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide.

26
Q

What is an example of a reaction that produces effervescence?

A

Acid + Carbonate reaction.

27
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

When acids react with bases or alkalis to make a salt and water. The resulting solution has a neutral pH.

28
Q

What does an acid do during neutralisation?

A

Donates H+ ion to the base.

29
Q

What does a base do during neutralisation?

A

Accepts the proton.

30
Q

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation?

A

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) → H2O (l)

31
Q

What are spectator ions?

A

Ions that do not change or react in the ionic equation.

32
Q

What is the first step in making a soluble salt?

A

Use a measuring cylinder to measure 30cm of relevant acid into a beaker.

33
Q

What should you do after measuring acid in the beaker?

A

Warm gently using a Bunsen burner placing it on a tripod and gauze.

34
Q

What is added to the acid during the salt-making process?

A

Half a spatula of relevant solid.

35
Q

What indicates that the solid is in excess during the salt-making process?

A

No more solid dissolves.

36
Q

What is the next step after allowing the mixture to cool?

A

Filter the mixture and discard the residue (excess solid).

37
Q

How do you obtain dry crystals from the filtrate?

A

Gently heat in a water bath until the volume has halved, then allow to crystallise.

38
Q

What are the three states of an indicator?

A

Acid, Neutral, Alkali.

39
Q

What color does Phenolphthalein turn in an alkali?

A

Pink.

40
Q

What color does Methyl orange turn in a neutral solution?

A

Yellow.

41
Q

What is the pH scale a measure of?

A

How acidic or alkaline something is and the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

42
Q

What happens to pH as H+ concentration increases?

A

The pH decreases and the solution becomes more acidic.

43
Q

What tools can be used to measure pH?

A

pH meter/probe or universal indicator.

44
Q

Fill in the blank: Universal indicator color for pH 0-3 is _______.

A

red

45
Q

Fill in the blank: Universal indicator color for pH 7 is _______.

A

green

46
Q

Fill in the blank: Universal indicator color for pH 8-9 is _______.

A

blue

Chemistry (16 decks)

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