Metal Toxicology Flashcards
Name the 11 metals of concern
Lead, Tin, Aluminum, Mercury, Arsenic, Copper, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Silver, Zinc,
What is the issue with Aluminum and acid precip?
Acid precip lowers the pH to the point that dissolved Al in the water can become toxic
Minamata disease occurs from bioaccumulation of _______
Mercury
Metals…
Density - high or low?
Ions formed in solution - positive or negative?
React by giving up ______.
Chemical activity - reactive or non-reactive?
High density
Positive ions formed in sol’n
React by giving up electrons
Chemically reactive
“Heavy” metal is any metal w/ an atomic weight > than that of _____ (__._)
sodium (22.9)
This metal has been used as a medicine since ancient times
arsenic
Arsenic inhibits enzymes in __________
Mitochondria
This metal impairs tissue respiration and ATP activity, and is carcinogenic
Arsenic
This metal is an essential nutrient, but interferes w/ membranes, altering the permeability of diff essential ions; it also binds to gills and its most toxic form is the free metal ion and mono hydroxide form
Copper
This metal was used in electroplating, galvanization, paint pigment, and batteries; it’s found in cigarettes, can have negative pulmonary impacts, and can concentrate in liver and viscera
Cadmium
This metal is an essential nutrient, a mutagen, teratogen, and a carcinogen
Chromium
Which form of Chromium is more toxic; trivalent or hexavalent?
Hexavalent
True or false: lead is an essential nutrient
False
The non-essential nutrient that is liquid at room temp, is found in fluorescent lights; affects the CNS, is highly soluble; strongly binds to and mimics proteins
Mercury
Essential nutrient; necessary for normal growth; carcinogenic
Nickel
Free ion is toxic; rapidly complexed and sorbed; there are discharges from photographic industry;
Silver
essential nutrient; free ion is toxic; affects gills & ion exchange; targets pancreas & bone in birds and mammals;
Zinc
Water quality standard for most metals is a ______-based equation
hardness
metals can form _______ w/ other compounds
complexes
In a complex, the “attaching group” is called a ______
ligand
Complexes form _____ _____ bond
Coordinate covalent
The ____ ____ Model was primarily developed for Copper
Biotic Ligand
