Metabolomics 2 Flashcards
What is metabolomics?
the comprehensive identification and quantification of all metabolites with a biological system
What are the applications of metabolomics?
biomarker discovery
drug discovery and development
environmental variation
genetic variation
What does metabolomics help us with?
drug mechanism
response to treatment
drug toxicity
What is pharmacometabolomics?
understanding patients response to therapy from a metabolism perspective
-comparing metabolic signature before and after drug exposure
How is metabolomics characterized?
by its high dynamic flux
Why do we study metabolomics?
changes in metabolites concentrations in response to stimulus occur within seconds
changes at the metabolite level often appear in biological fluids before the appearance of clinical symptoms
What is the ultimate goal of metabolomics?
providing valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that can be routinely detected/quantified in typical clinical settings
What are some technologies in metabolomics?
NMR
mass spectrometry
-LC MS
-GC MS
What are the challenges in metabolomics?
diverse classes of low molecular weight compounds
exist in very wide concentration ranges
affected by genetic and environmental stimuli
not specific to a single metabolic pathway
heterogenous physicochemical properties
What are the advantages and disadvantages of blood?
advantages:
-easy to collect
-instant reflection of metabolome
disadvantages:
-complex
-high protein content
-needs extraction
What are the advantages and disadvantages of urine?
advantages:
-non invasive
-low infection risk to researchers
-normalization techniques available
disadvantages:
-high salt content
-affected by age, gender, day, food
What are the advantages and disadvantages of saliva?
advantages:
-non invasive
disadvantages:
-low concentration
-no established assays
What are the advantages and disadvantages of CSF?
advantages:
-convenient to investigate neurological diseases
disadvantages:
-invasive
-low volumes
What are the advantages and disadvantages of exhaled breath condensate?
advantages:
-non invasive
-contains volatile metabolites
disadvantages:
-low concentration
-no normalization techniques
-affected by alcohol, smoking, exercise
What are advantages and disadvantages of tissue?
advantages:
-real reflection of the diseased organ
disadvantages:
-invasive
Which matrix is not a good candidate for proteomics?
urine
breath condensate
Describe HMDB.
detailed information of small molecule metabolites found in human body
-chemical, clinical, molecular biology/biochemistry data
contains 220,945 metabolite entries
-water soluble and lipid soluble metabolites
-metabolites that would be regarded as either abundant or relatively rare
-8,610 protein sequences are linked to these metabolite entries
Describe the bridging of the gap between genotype and phenotype.
not all changes in genome or transcriptome cause abnormality or disease
not all enzymes and protein products detected by proteomics are functional
environmental factors at later stages are not considered genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics
What are metabolites?
final result of cellular functions
quantifiable molecules with the closest link to phenotype
What is metabolite target analysis?
quantitative or semi-quantitative clinical and pharmaceutical analysis of a specific group of metabolites
