Introduction to Personalized Medicine

Question 1

What are the three components of personalized medicine?

Answer 1

drug
disease
human body
optimization of all three for the best outcome

Question 2

What is personalized medicine?

Answer 2

takes individual variance into consideration of medical treatment

Question 3

What are some of the other names that have been used for personalized medicine?

Answer 3

precision medicine
genomic medicine
individualized medicine
omics-based medicine
rational drug selection
tailored treatment

Question 4

What are the “4 rights” of personalized medicine?

Answer 4

right drug
right time
right patient
right dose

Question 5

What is the goal of personalized medicine?

Answer 5

providing the best therapeutic outcome

Question 6

What are the benefits of personalized medicine?

Answer 6

more accurate diagnosis
optimal treatment option
increase safety
reduce adverse drug reactions
faster to a cure
increase efficacy of the healthcare system
reduce ineffective therapies

Question 7

What are the foundations of personalized medicine?

Answer 7

more accurate and personalized diagnostic methods
patient screening
the “omics”
biomarker identification
systems biology

Question 8

Differentiate between conventional medicine and personalized medicine.

Answer 8

conventional:
-one treatment fits all
-outcome may be effect, no effect or adverse effect
personalized:
-different drug for all
-reduces number of non-responses and improves effect

Question 9

What are the challenges of personalized medicine?

Answer 9

patient engagement
patient privacy
evidence collection
data ownership and management
cost

Question 10

What is the importance of CYP 2D6 in regards to tamoxifen?

Answer 10

2D6 converts tamoxifen to its prodrug (endoxifen)
-many people are deficient in 2D6=efficacy of tamoxifen is low