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Antibiotics > Metabolite Inhibitors And Others > Flashcards

Metabolite Inhibitors And Others Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonamides
Mechanism
Cidal or Static?

A

Bacteriostatic
PABA anti metabolite
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

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2
Q

Sulfonamides

Clinical use

A

Gram + and -

Nocardia and Chlamidia

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3
Q

Sulfonamides

Toxicity

A 
Hypersensitivity
Hemolysis if G6PD deficient
Nephrotoxicity
Photo Sensitivity
Kernicterus in infants
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4
Q

Trimethoprim

Mechanism

A

Bacteriostatic

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

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5
Q

Trimethoprim

Clinical Use

A

Recurrent UTIs, Shigella, Salmonella, Pneumocystis jiroveci

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6
Q

Trimethoprim

Toxicity

A 
Pseudo membranous colitis
Hematological disorders
Fever
Diarrhea
Cellulitis
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7
Q

How is silver Sulfadiazine used?

A

Topically for burn treatment

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8
Q

TMP/SMX

AKA?

A

Cotrimoxazole, Bactrim, or Septra

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9
Q

TMP/SMX

Clinical Use

A

Drug of Choice: Pneumocystis jiroveci (Carinii)

Recurrent UTIs

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10
Q

Isoniazid

Mechanism

A

Bacteriocidal if rapidly dividing
Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
Prodrug cleaved by bacterial catalase-peroxidase

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11
Q

Isoniazid

Clinical Use

A

Monotherapy for prophylaxis of Latent TB

RIPE for active and recurrent TB

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12
Q

Isoniazid

Toxicity

A

Hepatotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Disulfiram like reaction with alcohol
*must give with vit b6 to prevent peripheral neuropathy

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13
Q

Pyrazinamide

Mechanism

A

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
Prodrug with cleaved by bacterial pyrazinamidase
Accumulates at low pH of granule as

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14
Q

Pyrazinamide

Clinical use

A

Active TB (RIPE)

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15
Q

Pyrazinamide

Toxicity

A

Hepatotoxicity
Gout
Rash
DO NOT GIVE IN PREGNANCY

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16
Q

Ethambutol

Mechanism

A

Crosses BBB

Decreases carb polymerization, inhibits arbanosol transferase = inhibits formation of Mycobacterial cell wall

17
Q

Ethambutol

Clinical Use

A

Active TB (RIPE)

18
Q

Ethambutol

Toxicity

A

Ocular Toxicity
Color Blindness
Ocular Neuritis
Blindness

19
Q

Bedaquiline

Mechanism

A

Inhibits Mycobacterial ATP synthase

20
Q

Treatment and Prophylaxis for leprosy

A

Rifampin for treatment, Dapsone for prophylaxis

21
Q

Dapsone

Mechanism

A

Competes with PABA (inhibits dihydrofolate synthesis)

22
Q

Dapsone

Clinical Use

A

Prophylaxis of leprosy and pneumocystis jiroveci

23
Q

Dapsone

Toxicity

A

Hepatotoxicity
Hemolysis
Cross sensitivity with sulfa drugs

24
Q

Rifaximin

Mechanism

A

Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase

25
Q

Rifaximin

Clinical use

A

Prophy for travelers diarrhea
Hepatic encephalopathy
Chron’s disease

26
Q

Rifaximin

Toxicity

A

Constipation

27
Q

Fidaxomicin

Mechanism

A

Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase

28
Q

Fidaxomicin

Clinical Use

A

Resistant/recurrent C. Difficile (not absorbed well in gut)

29
Q

Fidaxomicin

Toxicity

A

GI hemorrhage

Neutropenia

30
Q

Six drugs that frequently cause pseudo membranous colitis

A 
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Cephalosporins
Clindamycin
Other Penecillins
Aztreonam
31
Q

Sulfonamide

A

Sulfamethoxazole

Sulfadiazine

32
Q

Bedaquiline

Clinical use

A

Multi drug resistant TB

33
Q

Bedaquiline

Toxicity

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Arthralgia

Antibiotics (5 decks)

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