Cell Wall Inhibitors Flashcards
Natural Penecillins
Clinical Use
Common streptococci, pneumocci, enterocci, meningococci, treponema pallidum
Natural Penecillins
Toxicity
Hypersensitivity
Hemolytic Anemia
Cross Sensitive
Penecillinase Resistant Penecillins
Nafcillin, Methicillin, Dicloxacillin
Penecillinase Resistant Penecillins
Mechanism
Same as Penecillins
Narrow spec
Penecillinase Resistant Penecillins
Clinical Use
Staphylococcus (naf for staph)
Penecillinase Resistant Penecillins
Toxicity
Headache
Metallic Taste
Aminopenecillins
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Amino penicillins
Mechanism
Same as pen.
Broad spec with clavulanate
Aminopenecillins
Clinical Use
Broad spec
DOC for Listeria monocytogenes, enterocci, and prophy for infective endocarditis
Amino penicillins
Toxicity
Hypersensitivity
Ampicillin Rash
Pseudo membranous colitis
Anti-pseudomonal Penecillins
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
CarbenIcillin
Anti-pseudomonas Penecillins
Mechanism
Same as pen
Extended spec
Anti-pseudomonas Penecillins
Clinical use
Pseudomonas and gram - rods
Synergy with aminoglycoside so
Anti pseudomonal Penecillins
Toxicity
Hypersensitivity
Cephalosporins
Mechanism
Penacillinase resistant
Cephalasporins
Clinical Use
1st gen - PEK (proteus miribalis, E. coli, klebsiella pneum.)
2nd gen - HENPEKS (H. Influenza, Enterobacter aerogels, neisseria, same 3, Seratia)
3rd gen - gram+/- cocci, gram - rod, meningitis (crosses BBB), anaerobes, gonococci, pseudomonas
4th gen - pseudomonas
5th gen - covers MRSA
Cephalasporins
Toxicity
Hypersensitivity
Increases toxicity of aminoglycosides
Pseudo membranous colitis
Aztreonam
(Monobactam)
Mechanism
Same as pen. But binds to PBP-3
Penecillinase resistant
Renally excreted
Monobactam
Clinical use
Gram - Aerobes
(SPiKe) Seratia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella
Monobactam
Toxicity
Pseudomembranous Colitis Hematological disorders Fever Diahrrea Cellulitis
Carbapenems
Mechanism
Same as pen.
Broad spec
Penecillinase resistant
Carbapenems
Clinical use
+ cocci, - rods
DOC for enterobacteria
Carbapenems
Toxicity
CNS toxicity
GI
Skin rash
Skeletal muscle toxicity
Vancomycin
Mechanism
Inhibits cell wall formation by binding d-ala d-ala
Vancomycin
Clinical Use
Multidrug resistant gram +
Staph aureus, Clostridium difficile
Vancomycin
Toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Thrombophlebitis
Red Man Syndrome
Bacitracin
Mechanism
Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
Bacitracin
Clinical use
Topical Antimicrobial
Bacitracin
Toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Daptomycin
Mechanism
Inserts into cell membrane and forms ion channels
Daptomycin
Clinical Use
Vanc and Meth resistant gram +
Daptomycin
Toxicity
headache
GI
insomnia
Rhabdomyalasis
Beta-lactamase inhibitor/drug combos
Augmentin - Amoxicillin and Clavulanate
Unycin - Ampicillin and Sublactam
Zosyn - Pipercillin and Tazobactam
What is the broadest spectrum antibacterial?
Imipenem
What must you administer with Imipenem and why?
Cilistatin - inhibits renal dihydropeptidase 1
Which amino penecillin is administered orally?
Amoxicillin
Natural Penecillins
Mechanism
Bactericidal Inhibits transpeptidase (PBP) Activates autolysins