Metabolism Quiz 1

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

• Organized but chaotic chemical assembly line.
• raw materials, half finished products and waste materials are constantly being used, produced, transported, and excreted.

Question 2

Why is energy important?

Answer 2

Organisms must continuously capture, store, and use energy in order to carry out numerous functions and processes.

Question 3

How is biological energy stored?

Answer 3

As chemical potential energy in bonds that hold molecules together.

Question 4

What happens in every energy transfer?

Answer 4

Some useful energy in system becomes unstable

Question 5

Is energy required to start a reaction? T/F. What is this energy called?

Answer 5

T-activation energy

Question 6

What are the types of reactions?

Answer 6

Exergonic reactions- energy is released

Endergonic reactions- energy is absorbed

Question 7

Describe ATP

Answer 7

• made of ribose, adenosine, 3 phosphate groups
• ATP is stored between phosphate groups
• energy is released from ATP by breaking off terminal phosphate group (high energy bond)
• source of energy

Question 8

Draw ATP cycle

Answer 8

In notes

Question 9

How is ATP formed and broken down

Answer 9

Formed- condensation rxn during cellular respiration

Broken down- hydrolysis rxn catalyzed by enzyme ATPase

Question 10

How is ATP formed?

Answer 10

Phosphorylation

Question 11

What ways can ADP be phosphorylated?

Answer 11

Substrate level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

Describe substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 12

An enzyme is used, occurs during glycolysis abd citric acid cycle

Question 13

Describe oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 13

• ATP is formed indirectly through a series of redox rxns

- occurs during electron transport chain

Question 14

Describe ATP regeneration

Answer 14

Endergonic rxn (requires energy)
Energy comes from exergonic rxns (cell respiration)

Question 15

Describe redox reactions

Answer 15

-substances undergoing reduction and oxidation which refers to the transfer of electrons, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms.

Question 16

Describe Oxidation

Answer 16

Loses one or more electrons or hydrogen atoms

Question 17

Describe Reduction rxns

Answer 17

Gains one or more e or h atoms

Loses one or more oxygen atoms

Question 18

What is a reducing agent

Answer 18

Substance that provides the e in redox rxns

Question 19

Oxidation agent

Answer 19

Substance that accepts e im redox rxn

Question 20

What does a redox reaction involve?

Answer 20

Involves the movement of a proton(H+) and e

Question 21

What are examples of redox reactions

Answer 21

Cellular respiration, photosynthesis

Question 22

What is important to remember in energy transfer?

Answer 22

More stable the valence shell, less potential energy/ less stable, more potential energy

Question 23

What is the more efficient way of releasing energy?

Answer 23

Controlled oxidation because little thermal energy is lost

Question 24

What is the energy carrier used for glucose?

Answer 24

Dehydrogenases enzymes are used

Question 25

What do dehydrogenases do?

Answer 25

They facilitate the transfer of hugh energy electrons from food to molecules that act as carriers/ shuttles

Question 26

Where are dehydrogenases used

Answer 26

Used in electron transport chain

Question 27

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 27

A series of enzyme-controlled redox reactions that covert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, watee, and ATP

Question 28

What type of reaction is the combustion of glucose?

Answer 28

Exothermic

Question 29

What are the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 29

Glycolysis Pyruvate oxidation Citric acid cycle Electron transport chain

Question 30

Describe Glycolysis stage

Answer 30

-Takes place in all living cells -In cytoplasm -anaerobic conditions -consists of 10 enzyme catalyzed rxns that oxidize glucose(6c) produce 2 molecules of pyruvate (3c) -

Question 31

Draw glycolysis stage

Answer 31

In notes

Question 32

Describe pyruvate oxidation stage

Answer 32

Matrix of mitochondria | Converts 1 molecule of pyruvate into one mol of CoA

Question 33

Draw pyruvate oxidation stage

Answer 33

In notes

Question 34

Describe citric acid cycle stage

Answer 34

Occurs in matrix in mitochondria 8 enzyme catalyzed rxns to oxidize CoA Converts each mol of CoA into 3 mol of NADH, 1 mol of FADH2, 2 mol of co2, 1 mol of ATP

Question 35

What happens by the end of citric acid cycle?

Answer 35

Entire mol of glucose should be used up and converted into co2

Question 36

Draw the energy transfer cycle

Answer 36

In notes

Question 37

What is the use of electrons in the ETC

Answer 37

Electrons provide the energy used to transport H+ across membrane

Question 38

Where does the ETC occur?

Answer 38

Inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 39

What does the ETC produce?

Answer 39

6 molecules of H2O and 32 Atp molecules

Question 40

What type of reaction does NADH and FADH2 undergo in ETC?

Answer 40

Oxidation

Question 41

What are the roles of each of the complexes ( 1-4)?

Answer 41

1,2,4 pull electrons through with increasing electro negativity 1- NADH is oxidized, transport H+ 2- FADH2 is oxidized, transport H+ 3,4- transport H+

Question 42

What is oxygens role in ETC?

Answer 42

Final electron acceptor Has the highest electro negativity and keeps electroms following across protein complexes Used to create water

Question 43

What is chemiosmosis and what is the force used to power this?

Answer 43

- the production of ATP by ATP synthase, powered by H+ moving back across the membrane of the mitochondria - H+ are moved across due to the proton-motive force - proton motive force is from high concentration of protons, and positive repulsion of protons due to like charges

Question 44

What is the reason for the mitochondrial membrane to be folded?

Answer 44

Increased surface area

Question 45

How efficent is the metabolic cycle?

Answer 45

35% efficient and waste energy is given off as heat