Metabolism Overview

Question 1

Metabolism is how ______ and _________ generate and utilize energy from ____ and how to ________________ nutrients.

Answer 1

chemical reactions and processes

the diet

digest, absorb, transport and utilize nutrients

Question 2

Catabolism _______ molecules.

Answer 2

breaks down

Question 3

Anabolism _______ molecules.

Answer 3

synthesizes

Question 4

The liver synthesizes _______.

Answer 4

Bile Acids
Glucose
Ketone Bodies
VLDL
Cholesterol
Triacylglycerols
Phosphoglycerides
Proteins

Question 5

The liver functions to _______.

Answer 5

Provide fuel to organs
Digest absorb and process food
Detox chemicals and metabolize drugs
Synthesize various molecules
Store glucose as glycogen

Question 6

The skin is the largest single tissue in the body. True or false?

Answer 6

False; muscle is

Question 7

The muscle converts __________ into ________. There are 3 types: ________, ____________, ________.

The major fuels are ________,________ and _______ with the latter being the preference.

Answer 7

chemical into mechanical

skeletal,cardiac,smooth

ketone bodies
fatty acids
Glucose is preferred

Question 8

______ of all _____ in the body is stored in muscle which is converted to _______ for use within muscle cells.

Answer 8

75% of all glycogen

Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 9

What is the difference between muscle and liver glycogen storage?

Answer 9

Muscle glycogen is for muscles. Liver glycogen breaks down to release glucose into the blood for many different tissues.

Question 10

___________ is the sole fuel for the brain except during starvation when ________. __________ do NOT serve as fuel.

Answer 10

Glucose, ketone bodies.

Fatty acids

Question 11

Adipose tissue is ________.

It also produces _______, _______ and ________ such as ___________ which promotes _______.

Answer 11

a place to store energy in the form of lipids (Triacylglycerols). 99% of fat is stored in adipose tissue,

leptin, estrogen, cytokines
TNF , insulin resistance. (Type 2 Diabetes).

Question 12

_________ blood goes to the aorta and branches into _____ to enter the __________. Then the capillary network exchanges ______ for _________. _________ blood re-enters the heart via ____________—.

Answer 12

Oxygen-rich, capillary network

nutrients, waste

Oxygen-poor, veins

Question 13

What are the 3 main functions of blood?

Answer 13

Deliver O2 to tissues and remove CO2 from body

Transport nutrients

Provide medium to control metabolism.

Question 14

The blood glucose level is controlled by the ______.

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

When glucose is high, _____ will stimulate glucose uptake by the _____, turn it into ________ . This product has 3 dates.

Answer 15

insulin, Liver

G-6-P

1. Turn into glycogen
2. Fatty acid synthesis of VLDL
3. Use as fuel

Question 16

When glucose is low ________ will stimulate the ____________ into __________ and then _______.

Fatty acids from _______ maybe used by the _______ as well.

Answer 16

glucagon, liver to turn glycogen into G-6-P and then glucose to be secreted into the body

Adipose tissue, liver

Question 17

Bile acids are synthesized in the ______ and stored in the _____. After a meal, _____ are secreted into the _______ via the bile ______ which is shared with the _______ and _____. Bile is necessary to ______.

Answer 17

liver, gallbladder

bile acids(salts), small intestine, ducts

liver and gallbladder

digest triacyglycerols (fats) in the intestine.

Question 18

Muscles have low concentration of _________. When needed the body will allow the ____to provide _________ and ______ to the muscle by breaking down ______. The muscle will use these two molecules to synthesize ______. ________ is needed to convert ____________ back into __________.

Answer 18

Glucose 6 phosphatASE

Liver, alanine and lactate

glycose via glycolysis

Glucose 6 phosphatASE. Glucose 6 phosphatASE is needed to convert pyruvate back into glucose via gluconeogenesis.