metabolism dq

Question 1

Increased blood glucose increases ______ secretion

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

Increased Insulin causes…

Answer 2

• increased protein anabolism

- increased fat anabolism

Question 3

Decreased insulin causes decreased ____

Answer 3

glucose utilization in fat and mm cells for energy

Question 4

When glycogen is broken down (gycogenolysis) in liver, which is released from liver

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

All occur in untreated Type 1 diabetes

Answer 5

• acidosis
• increased ketone bodies
• glucosuria
• osmotic diuresis

Question 6

Excess food molecules are stored as

Answer 6

fats

Question 7

glucose levels in the blood must be maintained because ______ generally will not use other food molecules for fuel

Answer 7

nerve cells

Question 8

Diabetes inspidus is a lock of

Answer 8

ADH

Question 9

What describes synthesis reactions?

Answer 9

anabolism

Question 10

What can happen in untreated, severe, Type 1 diabetes

Answer 10

hyperglycemia
glucosuria
osmotic diuresis
increased ketone bodies
acidosis
death

Question 11

In a normal person in the postabsorptive state, ____ is high and ____ is low

Answer 11

glucagon; insulin

Question 12

Which hormone acts to decrease blood glucose levels

Answer 12

insulin

Question 13

Decreased insulin causes events in what state?

Answer 13

postabsorptive

Question 14

What has the opposite effect on blood glucose that insulin does

Answer 14

• growth hormone

- cortisol

Question 15

Glycogen is a storage molecule for

Answer 15

glucose

Question 16

An increase in blood glucose causes an increase in ____ secretion
A decrease in blood glucose causes an increase in ____ secretion

Answer 16

insulin; glucagon

Question 17

increased insulin levels cause increased

Answer 17

glycogen synthesis

Question 18

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 18

glucose synthesized from non carbohydrate molecule

Question 19

When large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules it is called….

Answer 19

catabolism

Question 20

During postabsorptive state, ____ is low and ____ is high in blood plasma

Answer 20

insulin, glucagon

Question 21

What causes an increase in blood glucose levels?

Answer 21

insulin

glucagon

Question 22

Decreased insulin causes decreased ____

Answer 22

glucose utilization in fat and mm cells for energy

Question 23

What describes synthesis reactions (in which bigger molecules are MADE from small ones)?

Answer 23

anabolism

Question 24

What occurs in more absorptive state?

Answer 24

1. carbs enter the blood from the GI tract
2. use of glucose for energy
3. glucose is taken by liver & stored as glycogen
4. excess food energy is stored as fat
5. AA’s are used to synthesize proteins
6. net anabolism
7. protein synthesis
8. glycogen synthesis

Question 25

What occurs in more post-absorptive state?

Answer 25

1. liver releases glucose from glycogen or glycogenolysis occurs 2. liver makes glucose from noncarbs or gluceneogenesis occurs 3. cells other than nerve cells switch to utilization of fats for energy 4. fats are broken down in fat tissue & fatty acids are released 5. proteins become a major source of blood glucose 6. net catabolism 7. fat catabolism 8. protein catabolism?

Question 26

What occurs equally in both an absorptive & post-absorptive state?

Answer 26

1. blood glucose levels need to be maintained in a range of normal

Question 27

What occurs in neither an absorptive or postabsorptive state?

Answer 27

1. cells do not need ATP

Question 28

Increased insulin causes events in what state?

Answer 28

Absorptive

Question 29

What occurs more with INCREASED plasma insulin?

Answer 29

1. glycogen synthesis 2. fat synthesis 3. protein anabolism (synthesis) 4. glucose uptake & use 5. events in absorptive state 6. no ketone synthesis

Question 30

What occurs more with DECREASED plasma insulin?

Answer 30

1. glycogen catabolism 2. events in post absorptive state 3. glucose release from the liver 4. glycogenolysis (glycogen catabolism) 5. gluconeogenesis 6. fatty acid use for energy 7. ketone synthesis & release

Question 31

What is caused by INCREASED plasma insulin?

Answer 31

1. decreased blood glucose

Question 32

What is caused by DECREASED plasma glucagon?

Answer 32

1. increased blood glucose 2. increased gluconeogenesis 3. increased plasma ketones 4. increased glycogenolysis

Question 33

epinephrine, cortisol, & growth hormone cause:

Answer 33

1. increased blood glucose 2. increased fat catabolism 3. increased blood fatty acids

Question 34

Cortisol:

Answer 34

increased protein catabolism

Question 35

growth hormone

Answer 35

increased protein synthesis