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PSL > DIGESTION OBJECTIVES & NOTES C1 > Flashcards

DIGESTION OBJECTIVES & NOTES C1 Flashcards

1
Q

O: Digestion breaks large food molecules into:

A

small molecules that can be absorbed

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2
Q

O: The Digestive system consists of:

A
  1. organs of digestive tract

2. accessory organs that secrete substances into tract

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3
Q

OQ: Describe the function of the digestive system:

A

a

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4
Q

OQ: Describe why it is that the contents of the GI tract are not considered to be w/in the body proper (internal environment)

A

Lumen of GI tract opens to outside -the external environment - on both ends
–> contents of GI tract are OUTSIDE body

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5
Q

OQ: Why is it a good thing the contents of the GI tract are not within the body:

A

since the conditions can be extreme, examples:
1. stomach pH - very acidic (pH~2)-rest of body cant handle

  1. bacteria in large intestine- beneficial here (make vitamins that absorb & use) but BAD when bacteria released into abdominal cavity (e.g. ruptured appendix- part of large intestine)
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6
Q

OQ: Define digestion:

A

a

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7
Q

OQ: Why is digestion necessary:

A

a

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8
Q

OQ: Describe the organs w/in digestive system:

A

GI system =

  1. organs of long tube (tract)
  2. accessory digestive organs
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9
Q

List the Accessory Digestive Organs

A
  1. Salivary Glands
  2. Liver
  3. Gall Bladder
  4. Pancreas
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10
Q

What is the function of the salivary gland?

A

secrete saliva

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11
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

makes bile

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12
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

stores and concentrates bile

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13
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Parts:

  1. endocrine
  2. exocrine
    - ->secretion goes into small intestine
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14
Q

What does EXOCRINE mean?

A

secretes into DUCTS

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15
Q

What does ENDOCRINE mean?

A

secretes HORMONES into BLOOD

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16
Q

LIST the organs of the long tube or the tract:

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Pharynx
  3. Stomach
  4. Small intestine
  5. Large Intestine
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17
Q

Organs of the Tract:

the mouth:

A

the entrance

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18
Q

Organs of the Tract:

Pharynx:

A

“throat”

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19
Q

Organs of the Tract:

Small intestine:

A
  • ->duodenum (1st)
    • ->jejunum
      • ->ileum (last)
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20
Q

Organs of the Tract:

Large Intestine:

A

Includes Colon:

  • ->first ascending
    • ->transverse
      • ->descending
        • ->sigmoid colon
          • ->rectum (last)
21
Q

3 main categories of digestion

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. proteins
  3. fats
22
Q

O: What are the absorbable units of the main food categories?

A
  1. carbohydrates
    - monosaccharides
  2. proteins
    - amino acids
  3. fats
    - monoglycerides
    - fatty acids
23
Q

Carbohydrates are broke down to…

A

Monosaccharides (Absorbable Unit) =

  1. glucose (MOSTLY)
  2. galactose
  3. fructose
24
Q

Proteins are broken down to…

A

Amino Acids (Absorbable Unit)

25
Q

Fats (triglycerides) are broken down to…

A

1 monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids (from one fat molecule)

26
Q

Define Hydrolysis:

A

hydro =”Water” lysis = “Split apart”

  • ->add h2o @ bond
    • ->breaks subunits
27
Q

OQ: What does Hydrolysis do for food molecules?

double check answer

A

food molecules formed by removal of h2o to make the bond, NOW IN DIGESTION, add h2o to BREAK BOND

28
Q

Sucrose:

A
  • broken down by SUCRASE
  • “table sugar”
    • -> glucose + fructose
29
Q

lactose:

A
  • broken down by LACTASE
  • “milk sugar”
    • -> glucose + galactose
30
Q

Maltose:

A
  • broken down by MALTASE
  • from starch breakdown
    • -> 2 glucose units
31
Q

…ASES means:

A

Enzymes (they break shit down)

32
Q

Sucrase breaks down

A

sucrose

33
Q

lactase breaks down

A

lactose

34
Q

maltase breaks down

A

maltose

35
Q

O: What are the absorbable units of the main food categories?

  1. carbohydrates
  2. proteins
  3. fats
A
  1. carbohydrates
    - monosaccharides
  2. proteins
    - amino acids
  3. fats
    - monoglycerides
    - fatty acids
36
Q

Lipase

A

fat digesting enzyme

37
Q

What are the LAYERS of the GI Tract?

A
  1. Serosa
  2. Muscle Layer
  3. Submucosa
  4. Mucosa
38
Q

Peritoneum:

A

2 Layers

  1. Visceral Layer
    - -> covers the organs
  2. Parietal Layer
    - ->lines abdominal cavity
39
Q

The GI Tract has Neuron Plexuses in the Tract

T or F?

A

True

40
Q

Because the GI Tract has Neuron Plexuses in the tract reflexes occur…

A

WITHOUT the central nervous system being involved

41
Q

Serosa

A
  • outer layer of organ
  • membrane that secretes fluid
  • prevents friction btwn organs
42
Q

Muscle Layer:

A
  • longitudinal layer
  • > can contract & shorten tube
  • circular layer
  • > can contract & constrict tube

-causes mixing & propelling movements of the GI tract

43
Q

Submucosa:

A

connective tissue with nerve cells, blood & lymph vessels & glands

44
Q

Mucosa:

A
  • inner most layer

- mucous membrane: secretes mucus & lines entire GI tract

45
Q

Within wall of GI tract are 2 nerve plexuses (networks) called:

A
  1. submucous (submucosal)
  2. myentic plexus

–>make up the ENTERIC nervous system

46
Q

What makes up the ENTERIC nervous system?

A
  1. submucous (submucosal)

2. myentic plexus

47
Q

Features of GI tract….

A
  1. has own local nervous system
    - ->no other organ system has
  2. can have neural reflexes W/O CNS
    - ->called SHORT or INTRATRACT reflex
48
Q

enteric means…

A

intestine

**but its present in whole/entire GI tract

PSL (7 decks)

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