DIGESTION OBJECTIVES & NOTES C1

Question 1

O: Digestion breaks large food molecules into:

Answer 1

small molecules that can be absorbed

Question 2

O: The Digestive system consists of:

Answer 2

1. organs of digestive tract

2. accessory organs that secrete substances into tract

Question 3

OQ: Describe the function of the digestive system:

Answer 3

a

Question 4

OQ: Describe why it is that the contents of the GI tract are not considered to be w/in the body proper (internal environment)

Answer 4

Lumen of GI tract opens to outside -the external environment - on both ends
–> contents of GI tract are OUTSIDE body

Question 5

OQ: Why is it a good thing the contents of the GI tract are not within the body:

Answer 5

since the conditions can be extreme, examples:
1. stomach pH - very acidic (pH~2)-rest of body cant handle

2. bacteria in large intestine- beneficial here (make vitamins that absorb & use) but BAD when bacteria released into abdominal cavity (e.g. ruptured appendix- part of large intestine)

Question 6

OQ: Define digestion:

Answer 6

a

Question 7

OQ: Why is digestion necessary:

Answer 7

a

Question 8

OQ: Describe the organs w/in digestive system:

Answer 8

GI system =

1. organs of long tube (tract)
2. accessory digestive organs

Question 9

List the Accessory Digestive Organs

Answer 9

1. Salivary Glands
2. Liver
3. Gall Bladder
4. Pancreas

Question 10

What is the function of the salivary gland?

Answer 10

secrete saliva

Question 11

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 11

makes bile

Question 12

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 12

stores and concentrates bile

Question 13

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 13

Parts:

1. endocrine
2. exocrine
   - ->secretion goes into small intestine

Question 14

What does EXOCRINE mean?

Answer 14

secretes into DUCTS

Question 15

What does ENDOCRINE mean?

Answer 15

secretes HORMONES into BLOOD

Question 16

LIST the organs of the long tube or the tract:

Answer 16

1. Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large Intestine

Question 17

Organs of the Tract:

the mouth:

Answer 17

the entrance

Question 18

Organs of the Tract:

Pharynx:

Answer 18

“throat”

Question 19

Organs of the Tract:

Small intestine:

Answer 19

• ->duodenum (1st)
  
  • ->jejunum
    
    • ->ileum (last)

Question 20

Organs of the Tract:

Large Intestine:

Answer 20

Includes Colon:

• ->first ascending
  
  • ->transverse
    
    • ->descending
      
      • ->sigmoid colon
        
        • ->rectum (last)

Question 21

3 main categories of digestion

Answer 21

1. carbohydrates
2. proteins
3. fats

Question 22

O: What are the absorbable units of the main food categories?

Answer 22

1. carbohydrates
   - monosaccharides
2. proteins
   - amino acids
3. fats
   - monoglycerides
   - fatty acids

Question 23

Carbohydrates are broke down to…

Answer 23

Monosaccharides (Absorbable Unit) =

1. glucose (MOSTLY)
2. galactose
3. fructose

Question 24

Proteins are broken down to…

Answer 24

Amino Acids (Absorbable Unit)

Question 25

Fats (triglycerides) are broken down to...

Answer 25

1 monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids (from one fat molecule)

Question 26

Define Hydrolysis:

Answer 26

hydro ="Water" lysis = "Split apart" - ->add h2o @ bond - ->breaks subunits

Question 27

OQ: What does Hydrolysis do for food molecules? | double check answer

Answer 27

food molecules formed by removal of h2o to make the bond, NOW IN DIGESTION, add h2o to BREAK BOND

Question 28

Sucrose:

Answer 28

- broken down by SUCRASE - "table sugar" - -> glucose + fructose

Question 29

lactose:

Answer 29

- broken down by LACTASE - "milk sugar" - -> glucose + galactose

Question 30

Maltose:

Answer 30

- broken down by MALTASE - from starch breakdown - -> 2 glucose units

Question 31

...ASES means:

Answer 31

Enzymes (they break shit down)

Question 32

Sucrase breaks down

Answer 32

sucrose

Question 33

lactase breaks down

Answer 33

lactose

Question 34

maltase breaks down

Answer 34

maltose

Question 35

O: What are the absorbable units of the main food categories? 1. carbohydrates 2. proteins 3. fats

Answer 35

1. carbohydrates - monosaccharides 2. proteins - amino acids 3. fats - monoglycerides - fatty acids

Question 36

Lipase

Answer 36

fat digesting enzyme

Question 37

What are the LAYERS of the GI Tract?

Answer 37

1. Serosa 2. Muscle Layer 3. Submucosa 4. Mucosa

Question 38

Peritoneum:

Answer 38

2 Layers 1. Visceral Layer - -> covers the organs 2. Parietal Layer - ->lines abdominal cavity

Question 39

The GI Tract has Neuron Plexuses in the Tract T or F?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Because the GI Tract has Neuron Plexuses in the tract reflexes occur...

Answer 40

WITHOUT the central nervous system being involved

Question 41

Serosa

Answer 41

- outer layer of organ - membrane that secretes fluid - prevents friction btwn organs

Question 42

Muscle Layer:

Answer 42

- longitudinal layer - >can contract & shorten tube - circular layer - >can contract & constrict tube -causes mixing & propelling movements of the GI tract

Question 43

Submucosa:

Answer 43

connective tissue with nerve cells, blood & lymph vessels & glands

Question 44

Mucosa:

Answer 44

- inner most layer | - mucous membrane: secretes mucus & lines entire GI tract

Question 45

Within wall of GI tract are 2 nerve plexuses (networks) called:

Answer 45

1. submucous (submucosal) 2. myentic plexus -->make up the ENTERIC nervous system

Question 46

What makes up the ENTERIC nervous system?

Answer 46

1. submucous (submucosal) | 2. myentic plexus

Question 47

Features of GI tract....

Answer 47

1. has own local nervous system - ->no other organ system has 2. can have neural reflexes W/O CNS - ->called SHORT or INTRATRACT reflex

Question 48

enteric means...

Answer 48

intestine **but its present in whole/entire GI tract