Metabolism and enzymes/reactions Flashcards
What is waters role in metabolism?
The fluid in which other substances are dissolved
-chemical reactions can occur here
What are the models describing enzyme function?
Lock and key and induced fit
Function of the plasma cell
Produces antibodies
-develops from B cell
Function of enzyme inhibitors
Substances that directly/indirectly interfere w/an active site to reduce activity
-may alter the active sites shape or form to disallow a formation of a complex
Function of co-enzymes
Vitamins and non-protein co-factors
-necessary for the function of an enzyme
Function of co-factors
Minerals
- change the shape/form of an active site
- allow for the formation of a complex
What factors effect enzyme activity?
- pH of the environment
- enzyme conc.
- substrate conc.
- temperature
How does temperature effect enzyme activity?
Higher temperature = higher rate of reaction
- molecules move faster with a higher likelihood of hitting each other (then reacting)
- enzymes may also become denatures due to disruption of noncovalent bonds of temp. is too high
What is pH effect on enzymes?
Each enzyme has an optimal pH that it can perform at it’s maximum rate
-to high or too low can deviate the enzyme from it max rate
What is enzyme concentrations effect on enzyme activity?
Higher conc = higher reaction rates
-more molecules to influence reactions to occur
What is substrate conc. effect on enzymes?
higher conc=higher reaction rate
- more substrates coming into contact w/enzymes
- products of reactions must be continuously removed due to competition for enzymes active site
What is a substrate?
A molecule upon which and enzyme reacts
What is an enzyme?
Biological catalyst that speeds up biological reactions and reduces activation energy required for reaction
-can be reused to catalyst multiple times
What is an induced fit model?
Enzyme and substrate join due to the active site changing it’s conformation to accommodate the substrate.
What is the lock and key model?
Binding occurs between the enzyme and substrates because the enzymes is specific to the substrate that it is connecting with
-has complimentary characteristics
