Metabolism Flashcards
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The sum of all the chemical activities in the cell
Metabolism
A series of reactions that proceed in an orderly, step by step manner
also allows one pathway to lead into another pathway (if serval molecules are in common)
Metabolic pathways
A substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process
Enzyme
Catalysts: a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
Describe the process of the induced fit model
a) The Substrate attaches to an enzyme at the active site.
b) Enzymes are not permanently altered by the reaction, therefore, only a small amount of the enzyme is needed since it can be used over and over again permanently.
c) The shape of an enzyme allows an enzyme-substrate complex to form, which explains the specificity of an enzyme. Similar to a key that fits a lock. In the induced fit model, the enzyme undergoes a slight change in shape in order to achieve the best fit of the substrate.
d) The product and the enzyme separate. enzyme returns to its original form ready to accept another substrate.
The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction
Active site
Any molecule that can bind to and enzyme and decrease or stop the reaction of products
Inhibition
The correct temperature and pH for enzymatic activity
Optimum
what is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?
37 C (or 37.5 C if specific)
state the process of how enzymatic activity reaches optimum temperature
a) As the temperature increases up to a certain point (37 ° C), the enzymatic activity will, therefore, increase productivity. This is due to increased motion. The molecules are moving faster so they will encounter the active sites more frequently.
b) At the highest point, the reaction levels off briefly all active sites are with substrates and then filled immediately when their product is produced. (greatest number of product made)
c) Then the reaction rate decreases due to denaturation of the enzyme (hydrogen bonds between amino acids are disrupted). The active site is altered and the substrate will not fit to produce the product.
what is reversible inhibition?
inhibitor is not permanently bound to active site on enzyme
what is reversible “competitive” inhibition
the inhibitor is similar in shape to the substrate and competes with the substrate for the active site.
reversible non competitive inhibition
a molecule that binds to a site on the enzyme other then the active site, causing to change the shape of the enzyme and active site so no substrates are able to fit in.
