DNA Flashcards
Plz
What is Recombination DNA? (rDNA)
DNA from one species being inserted into DNA of a second species. It can then go on to produce proteins from the first species.
Ex. Gene coding of protein, Insulin being transferred into bacteria
What are 2 main uses of (rDNA)
- Cloning genes
2. Producing biotechnology products
DNA, as the hereditary material, has three main functions. What are those?
- REPLICATE with high accuracy and be transmitted from one generation to the next generation
- STORE INFORMATION that controls development and metabolic activities of the cell (blueprints for protein synthesis)
- Undergo RARE MUTATIONS in order to generate genetic variability for evolutionary change
Making 2 DNA molecules exactly the same as the orginal DNA molecule before the cell divides into two
DNA replication
Describe the process of DNA Replication
a) UNWINDING - DNA molecule uncurls.
b) UNZIPPING - Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases (often called base pairs) must be broken by thr enzyme Helicase.
c) COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING occurs - nucleotides which are free floating in the nucleus move in next to their complemnt (A:T , C:G) this called complementary base pairing. These nucleotides line up next to the now open original 2 strands of DNA (called the original template strand) occurs.
d) DNA polymerase attaches nucleotdes together enzyme DNA polymerase bonds the free floating nucleotides to the original nucleotide by i) hydrogen bonding and ii) attaching the phosphate to the sugar creating a new backbone.
e) Sugar of one nucleotide joins with the phosphate of the adjacent nucleotide to form the sugar-phosphate backbone.
f) the end result is the formation of 2 semi-conservative copies are made (identical DNA molecules)
State the difference between protein synthesis and DNA replication
- Protein synthesis is the production of a functional protein molecule based on the information in the genes
- DNA replication is the production of an exact replica of an existing DNA molecule.
The final result of protein synthesis is a functional protein molecule, but in DNA replication it is a DNA molecule.
What are the 3 stop codons?
UAA UGA UAG
What is the start codon?
AUG (methionine)
