Digestion

Question 1

the region between the mouth and esophagus

Answer 1

Pharynx

Question 2

transports bolus through the thoracic cavity to the stomach

Answer 2

Esophagus

Question 3

the flap which closes off the breathing passage

Answer 3

Epiglottis

Question 4

opening of trachea (windpipe)

Answer 4

Glottis

Question 5

a somewhat thickened muscular ring surrounding the opening between the esophagus and the stomach.

Answer 5

Cardiac Sphincter

Question 6

a somewhat thickened muscular ring surrounding the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

Answer 6

Pyloric Sphincter

Question 7

explain how the tongue’s taste buds work

Answer 7

it has four sensory tastes, which are salty (tip), sweet (front and center), bitter (behind) and sour (left and right)
which sends info via cranial nerves to the brain.

Question 8

What does lipase break down and where is it’s source and target?

Answer 8

lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

source: pancreas
target: duodenum

Question 9

What does trypsin break down and where is it’s source and target?

Answer 9

polypeptides (proteins) into peptides

source: pancreas
target: duodenum

Question 10

What does nuclease break down and where is it’s source and target?

Answer 10

nucleic acids into nucleotides

source: pancreas
target: duodenum

Question 11

What does pancreatic/salivary amylase break down and where is it’s source and target?

Answer 11

starch (carbohydrates) into maltose

pancreatic

source: pancreas
target: duodenum

salivary

source: salivary glands
target: mouth

Question 12

What does maltase break down and where is it’s source and target?

Answer 12

maltose into glucose

source: small intestine
target: small intestine

Question 13

What does pepsin break down and where is it’s source and target?

Answer 13

protein to polypeptides

source: stomach
target: stomach

Question 14

What does peptidases break down and where is it’s source and target?

Answer 14

peptides to amino acids

source: small intestine and pancreas
target: small intestine

Question 15

How many teeth do adults have?

Answer 15

32

Question 16

what teeth do adult have?

Answer 16

incisors: 8
canines: 4
premolars: 8
molars: 12

Question 17

what is the role of sodium bicarbonate? (NaHCO₃)

Answer 17

• raises the pH of the small intestine to make it basic
• neutralizes chyme
• creates optimum pH conditions for the pancreatic/intestinal enzymes
• activates trypsinogen

Question 18

what are the 3 hormones found in digestion?

Answer 18

Gastrin, Secretin

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 19

What are the main functions of the liver

Answer 19

• Detoxifies blood by removing and metabolizing poisonous substances.
• Stores iron and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.
• Makes plasma proteins from amino acids.
• Stores glucose as glycogen after eating and breaks down glycogen to glucose to maintain the glucose concentration of blood between eating periods.
• Produces urea from the breakdown of amino acids (urea excreted by the kidneys).
• Hemoglobin from red blood cells to breakdown products (bilirubin and biliverdin) excreted along with bile salts in bile. (Iron recycled)
• Produce bile salts, which are stored in the gallbladder before entering the small intestine, where bile salts emulsify fats. (Yellowish green colour)

Question 20

what are the four fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 20

A, D, E, and K

Question 21

what are the 11 water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 21

Vitamin C and the vitamin B complex: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), Vitamin B6, biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), Vitamin B12

Question 22

function of ileum

Answer 22

absorbs fat-soluble vitamins

Question 23

simply explain how peristalsis functions

Answer 23

by using rhythmic contractions

the circular muscles relax and the longitudinal muscles contract