Metabolism

Question 1

The process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism, and repair. Nutritional stages are ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, assimilation, and excretion.

Answer 1

Nutrition

Question 2

To take substances into the body by the mouth for digestion.

Answer 2

Ingestion

Question 3

the process in the alimentary canal by which food is broken down physically by the action of the teeth, and chemically by the action of enzymes, and converted into a substance suitable for absorption
and assimilation into the body.

Answer 3

Digestion

Question 4

The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane in the direction opposite that of diffusion, that is, from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.

Answer 4

Transport

Question 5

The movement of a substance, such as a liquid or solute, across a cell membrane.

Answer 5

Absorption

Question 6

The conversion of nutrients into a useable form (e.g. liquid or solid) that is incorporated into the tissues and organs following the processes of digestion. Also the chemical alteration of substances in the bloodstream by the liver or cellular secretions.

Answer 6

Assimilation

Question 7

is the act of excreting
unusable or undigested material from the digestive tract of multicellular animals.

Answer 7

Excretion

Question 8

Functions of the Digestive System

Answer 8

Digestion
Breakdown of ingested food
Absorption
Passage of nutrients into the blood
Metabolism
Production of cellular energy (ATP)

Question 9

It is the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy. Our bodies need this energy to do everything from moving to thinking to growing.

Answer 9

Metabolism

Question 10

After we eat food, the digestive system
uses enzymes to:

Answer 10

1. break proteins down into amino acids
2. turn fats into fatty acids
3. turn carbohydrates into simple sugars
   (for example, glucose)

Question 10

is all about building and storing. It supports the growth of new cells, the maintenance of body tissues, and the storage of energy for future use.

Answer 10

Anabolism or constructive metabolism

Question 11

is the process that produces the energy needed for all activity in the cells. Cells break down large molecules (mostly carbs and fats) to release energy.

Answer 11

Catabolism or destructive metabolism

Question 12

a hormone made and released by the thyroid gland, plays a key role in determining how fast or slow the chemical reactions of metabolism go in a person’s body.

Answer 12

Thyroxine

Question 13

The conversion of glucose into glycogen.

• Glucose from the blood plasma is moved into the liver for storage as glycogen. The hormone which governs
  this is insulin.

Answer 13

Glycogenesis