Energy Flashcards
is the capacity of one person to do work.
energy
ENERGY is divided into as
involuntary and voluntary activities.
the amount of
heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water to 1 degree Celsius.
kilocalorie (kcal)
metric measurement,
(4.184 J per kcal)
joules J
measure the
energy value of foods that can be
derived from CHO, CHON, and Fat.
BOMB CALORIMETER
refers to the chemical (metabolic) processes that take place as your
body converts foods and drinks into energy. It’s a complex process that combines calories and oxygen to create and release energy.
Metabolism or metabolic rate
Metabolism provides energy for basic body functions, such as:
- Breathing.
- Circulating blood.
- Digesting food.
- Growing and repairing cells.
- Managing hormone levels.
- Regulating body temperature.
refers to the minimum number of calories your body needs to function while you’re resting. This amount varies from person
to person.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
BMR fulfills
60% to 70% of
the energy your body uses.
Energy expanded in the maintenance
of “basal metabolic
“ processes, or
involuntary activities in the body and
the functional activities of various organs.
BASAL METABOLISM OR RESTING ENERGY
EXPENDITURE (REE)
muscle
burns kilojoules rapidly.
Amount of lean muscle tissue
larger adult bodies have more metabolizing tissue and a larger
BMR.
Body size
fat cells are
‘sluggish’ and burn far fewer kilojoules
than most other tissues and organs of the body.
amount of body fat
eating too few kilojoules encourages the
body to slow the metabolism to
conserve energy. BMR can drop by up to 15% and if lean muscle tissue is also lost,
this further reduces BMR.
Crash dieting, starving or fasting
metabolism slows with age due
to loss of muscle tissue, but also due to hormonal and neurological changes.
age
generally, men have faster
metabolisms because they tend to be larger.
gender
your metabolic
rate may be partly decided by your
genes.
genetic predisposition
BMR is
controlled by the nervous and hormonal
systems. Hormonal imbalances can
influence how quickly or slowly the body burns kilojoules.
Hormonal and nervous controls
if temperature is very low or very high, the
body has to work harder to maintain its normal body temperature, which increases the BMR.
Environmental temperature
BMR increases
because the body has to work harder to build new tissues and to create an
immune response.
infection or illness
hard-working
muscles need plenty of energy to burn. Regular exercise increases muscle mass
and teaches the body to burn kilojoules at a
faster rate, even when at rest.
amount of physical act.
like caffeine or nicotine, can
increase the BMR.
drugs
Contributes to the 20-30% of the total body energy output.
PHYSICAL or MUSCULAR ACTIVITY (PA)
for example, a diet
low in iodine reduces thyroid function and
slows the metabolism.
dietary deficiencies
bed rest
30kcal/kg
sedentary
35 kcal
MODERATELY ACTIVE
40kcal
severely active
45 kcal
is the
amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb, and metabolize the
food you eat.
thermic effect of food
is the amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb, and metabolize the food you eat.
thermic effect of food
provides 4 calories per gram,
and its TEF is 20–30%.
protein
provides 4 calories per gram, and its TEF is 5–10%.
carbohydrate
Also called as caloric balance
energy balance
If we consume more energy from foods than what we need, the unused energy
will be stored as fat.
weight gain
If we balance our energy from foods
with the energy we use through activity
this will result in a constant weight
being maintained.
weight stability
If we use more energy than we
consume, this will lead to,
due to fat stores being used up quickly
by the body.
weight loss
is a gold standard
procedure which measures the amount of energy a person expends. It measures the Resting Energy
Expenditure the amount of calories a person burns at rest per day called
Resting Energy Expenditure or REE.
indirect calorimetry
measures the body’s actual caloric requirement per day. This will guide us on how much calories the person needs to take per day.
RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE
estimates
where the energy is mainly coming
from (Carbohydrates, Protein and Fats)
Respiratory quotient (RQ)-
specific
percentages of energy source (from
Carbohydrates, Protein and Fats) – so that diet can be tailored according to what an individual needs.
Substrates utilization
