Metabolism

Question 1

what is the function of pyruvate decarboxylate

Answer 1

breaks down pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Question 2

what is the function of glucagon

Answer 2

hormone that stimulate… released of glycogen to be broken down due to decrease in blood glucose

Question 3

what is the pentose phosphate pathway used to produce

Answer 3

provide nucleotide precursor as well as amino acid biosynthesis

Question 4

What is the end product of glycolysis

Answer 4

glucose–>2 pyruvate

Question 5

What converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA

Answer 5

pyruvate decarboxylase (3 step)

Question 6

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

what are the receptors for glucose

Answer 7

GLUT 2- Liver/pancreatic islets and GLUT 4- adipose/muscle cells

Question 8

what does increased blood glucose cause

Answer 8

higher glycogen storage
higher synthesis of triacyglycerides

Question 9

What does insulin do

Answer 9

promotes the presence of GLUT 4– help uptake glucose

Question 10

the protein that converts glucose to g6p

Answer 10

hexokinase

Question 11

what are the rate limiting steps in glycolysis

Answer 11

phosphofructokinase (PFK-1)– F6P to F1,6P because it uses ATP

Question 12

What is PFK-1 controlled by

Answer 12

inhibited by ATP and glycogen
stimulated by insulin

Question 13

What are the irreversible steps in glycolysis

Answer 13

hexokinase (glucose–G6P)
PFK-1 (F6P–F1,6P)
pyruvate kinase (PEP–pryuvate)

Question 14

what is 2,3BPG

Answer 14

decreases the affinity of HbA for oxygen

Question 15

what converts pyruvate to acetyl coA

Answer 15

pyruvate dehydrogenase (irreversible)

Question 16

what is glycogen

Answer 16

storage form of glucosed

Question 17

difference between liver glycogen and muscular gylcogen

Answer 17

maintains blood sugar– circulation between meals

instant energy upon contraction

Question 18

what is the steps for glycogen synthesis

Answer 18

glucose–G6P–G1P–UDP-glucose—glycogen

Question 19

what convert UDP glucose to glycogen

Answer 19

glycogen synthase

Question 20

what is the rate limiting step in glycogen synthesis

Answer 20

glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose– glycogen)

Question 21

what regulates glycogen synthase

Answer 21

insulin and G6P stimulate glycogen synthase

epinephrine and glucagon inhibit glycogen synthase

Question 22

where does gluconeogenesis happen?

Answer 22

liver

Question 23

where does the citric acid cycle take place

Answer 23

mitocondrial matrix

Question 24

is the citric acid cycle exergonic or endergonic

Answer 24

exergonic

Question 25

what regulates the citric acid cycle

Answer 25

accumulation of acetyl coA inhibits the citric acid cycle

Question 26

what products goes into fatty acid synthesis from citric acid cycle

Answer 26

alpha-ketoglutarate

Question 27

products from the citric acid cycle

Answer 27

2CO2, 3NADH, FADH2, GTP

Question 28

products from glycolysis

Answer 28

2 pyruvate, 4ATP, 2NADH