Metabolism Flashcards
what is the function of pyruvate decarboxylate
breaks down pyruvate to acetyl CoA
what is the function of glucagon
hormone that stimulate… released of glycogen to be broken down due to decrease in blood glucose
what is the pentose phosphate pathway used to produce
provide nucleotide precursor as well as amino acid biosynthesis
What is the end product of glycolysis
glucose–>2 pyruvate
What converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
pyruvate decarboxylase (3 step)
where does glycolysis occur
cytoplasm
what are the receptors for glucose
GLUT 2- Liver/pancreatic islets and GLUT 4- adipose/muscle cells
what does increased blood glucose cause
higher glycogen storage
higher synthesis of triacyglycerides
What does insulin do
promotes the presence of GLUT 4– help uptake glucose
the protein that converts glucose to g6p
hexokinase
what are the rate limiting steps in glycolysis
phosphofructokinase (PFK-1)– F6P to F1,6P because it uses ATP
What is PFK-1 controlled by
inhibited by ATP and glycogen
stimulated by insulin
What are the irreversible steps in glycolysis
hexokinase (glucose–G6P)
PFK-1 (F6P–F1,6P)
pyruvate kinase (PEP–pryuvate)
what is 2,3BPG
decreases the affinity of HbA for oxygen
what converts pyruvate to acetyl coA
pyruvate dehydrogenase (irreversible)
what is glycogen
storage form of glucosed
difference between liver glycogen and muscular gylcogen
maintains blood sugar– circulation between meals
instant energy upon contraction
what is the steps for glycogen synthesis
glucose–G6P–G1P–UDP-glucose—glycogen
what convert UDP glucose to glycogen
glycogen synthase
what is the rate limiting step in glycogen synthesis
glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose– glycogen)
what regulates glycogen synthase
insulin and G6P stimulate glycogen synthase
epinephrine and glucagon inhibit glycogen synthase
where does gluconeogenesis happen?
liver
where does the citric acid cycle take place
mitocondrial matrix
is the citric acid cycle exergonic or endergonic
exergonic
