Nervous System

Question 1

what are neurons

Answer 1

specialized cells capable of transmitting electrical impulses/ translating chemical signal

Question 2

what is the cell body of a neuron equivalent to

Answer 2

the nucleus

Question 3

what is located in the soma

Answer 3

ER and ribosomes

Question 4

what part of the neuron receives electrical signals

Answer 4

dendrites

Question 5

what is the purpose of the axon hillock

Answer 5

integrates incoming signals and plays a role in action potential

Question 6

what is included in the axon and what is the purpose

Answer 6

myelin sheath and nodes of ravier (no myelin regions)

Question 7

what produces myelin

Answer 7

oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)

Question 8

difference between the synaptic cleft and nerve terminal

Answer 8

nerve terminal is where the action potential ends and send the signal to the next neuron by releasing neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft to reach the post synaptic neuron

Question 9

what is the definition of a nerve

Answer 9

a bundle of neurons

Question 10

what are glial cells

Answer 10

provide physical and chemical support to the cells

Question 11

what is the function of astrocytes

Answer 11

they nourish the neurons– and form the blood brain barrier

Question 12

what are microglia

Answer 12

macrophage that breaks down waste product in the brain

Question 13

what are ependymal cells

Answer 13

line the ventricle of the brain

Question 14

resting potential of an action potential

Answer 14

-70mV inside the cell with comparision to the outside of the cell (K+/Na+)

Question 15

what is the depolarization phase

Answer 15

excitatory input– influx of Na+–

Question 16

what is repolarization phase

Answer 16

K+ efflux

Question 17

what is hyperpolarization

Answer 17

inhibitory input–no stimulation needs to be greater than normal stimulation

Question 18

what are the excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 18

glutamate

Question 19

what are the inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 19

GABA, glycine, serotonin

Question 20

the process of submitting and action potential

Answer 20

action potential— nerve terminal—Ca2+ channels open—exocytosis of neurotransmitters–postsynaptic cell hyperpolarized or depolarized

Question 21

central nervous system contain

Answer 21

brain and spinal cord

Question 22

what is the difference between white matter and grey matter

Answer 22

axon that contains myelin sheath and axon that is unmyelinated

Question 23

peripheral nervous system contains

Answer 23

somatic (sensory and motor neurons)
autonomic ( involuntary muscle)

Question 24

what are interneurons

Answer 24

neuron in between the sensory neurons and the spinal neurons

Question 25

what is a mirror neuron

Answer 25

a neuron that reacts to a particular action only when observed

Question 26

difference between efferent and afferent neurons

Answer 26

efferent neurons relay information away from CNS ( exit)– motor

afferent neurons relay information towards the CNS (sensory neurons)

Question 27

what causes alzenheimers

Answer 27

degeneration of myelin

Question 28

what is the mesolimbic system

Answer 28

section of the brain relating to the dopaminergic neurons in the brain’s central nervous system

Question 29

what part of the brain is associated with memory

Answer 29

hippocampus

Question 30

what does the prefrontal cortex do

Answer 30

help you make decisions and higher functioning abilities