Endocrine System

Question 1

what releases hormones

Answer 1

glands

Question 2

difference between peptide and steroid hormones

Answer 2

rapid and responsive– short lived
(usually binds to extracellular receptors)

slow but long lasting
(derived from cholesterol– non polar and permable– intracellular response)

Question 3

What is a G couple protein?

Answer 3

peptide binds– induces a secondary messenger cascade

Question 4

what does endocrine mean?

Answer 4

relating to galnds that secrete or other products directly into the blood

Question 5

what are the different types of endocrine glands

Answer 5

hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid/parathyroid
adrenal/ pineal
pancreas and gonad

Question 6

what is the function of the hypothalamus

Answer 6

connects the endocrine and nervous system– control pituitary gland

Question 7

what is paracrine signalling

Answer 7

hormones secreted only effect those in the vicinity

Question 8

what type of feedback does the hypothalamus use

Answer 8

negative feedback

Question 9

what gland is known to release oxytocin

Answer 9

post pituitary gland

Question 10

what does ADH (antidiuretic) do

Answer 10

helps with water absorption

Question 11

how does anterior pituitary gland interact with hypothalamus

Answer 11

GnRH–FSH/LH
GHRH–GH
TRH–TSH
CRF-ACTH

Question 12

what are endorphins

Answer 12

decreases the perception of pain

Question 13

what do growth hormones do?

Answer 13

promotes growth of muscle and bone

Question 14

What hormone does the thyroid control

Answer 14

TSH levels

Question 15

what are the function of TSH and T3/T4

Answer 15

increase of T3/T4 cause higher cellular respiration, protein fat turnover and low TSH/TRH

Question 16

hyperthyroidism vs hypothyroidism

Answer 16

deficiency of iodine/inflammation in thyroid (low T3/T4)— poor body regulation

Question 17

what is calcitonin

Answer 17

helps with increase in blood Ca2+ levels

Question 18

function of the parathyroid

Answer 18

assist in absorption of Ca2+

Question 19

where is the adrenal gland locate

Answer 19

top of the kidney

Question 20

what does adrenal cortex release

Answer 20

corticosteriods
— regular glucose, salt

Question 21

function of the adrenal medulla

Answer 21

epinephrine and noepinephrine= catecholamines

Question 22

pancreas function

Answer 22

release insulin

Question 23

what is the function of somatostain

Answer 23

inhibition of insulin and glucagon (high BG and high amino acid)

Question 24

what does PTH do

Answer 24

antagonist to calcatonin

activates vitamin D– helps absorption of calcium and phosphate in the gut

Question 25

what does the adrenal cortex do

Answer 25

releases corticosteriods to regulate glucose levels, salt and water homeostasis, sex hormones

Question 26

what would lower your blood pressure

Answer 26

adh or aldosterone