Endocrine System Flashcards
what releases hormones
glands
difference between peptide and steroid hormones
rapid and responsive– short lived
(usually binds to extracellular receptors)
slow but long lasting
(derived from cholesterol– non polar and permable– intracellular response)
What is a G couple protein?
peptide binds– induces a secondary messenger cascade
what does endocrine mean?
relating to galnds that secrete or other products directly into the blood
what are the different types of endocrine glands
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid/parathyroid
adrenal/ pineal
pancreas and gonad
what is the function of the hypothalamus
connects the endocrine and nervous system– control pituitary gland
what is paracrine signalling
hormones secreted only effect those in the vicinity
what type of feedback does the hypothalamus use
negative feedback
what gland is known to release oxytocin
post pituitary gland
what does ADH (antidiuretic) do
helps with water absorption
how does anterior pituitary gland interact with hypothalamus
GnRH–FSH/LH
GHRH–GH
TRH–TSH
CRF-ACTH
what are endorphins
decreases the perception of pain
what do growth hormones do?
promotes growth of muscle and bone
What hormone does the thyroid control
TSH levels
what are the function of TSH and T3/T4
increase of T3/T4 cause higher cellular respiration, protein fat turnover and low TSH/TRH
hyperthyroidism vs hypothyroidism
deficiency of iodine/inflammation in thyroid (low T3/T4)— poor body regulation
what is calcitonin
helps with increase in blood Ca2+ levels
function of the parathyroid
assist in absorption of Ca2+
where is the adrenal gland locate
top of the kidney
what does adrenal cortex release
corticosteriods
— regular glucose, salt
function of the adrenal medulla
epinephrine and noepinephrine= catecholamines
pancreas function
release insulin
what is the function of somatostain
inhibition of insulin and glucagon (high BG and high amino acid)
what does PTH do
antagonist to calcatonin
activates vitamin D– helps absorption of calcium and phosphate in the gut
