Cell Structure

Question 1

Theory of Cells

Answer 1

all living things are composed of cell

basic functional unit of life

cells arising from pre-existing cells

cells have DNA as genetic material

Question 2

The difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

multicellular/unicellular and contain membrane bound organelles

unicellular and does not contain membrane bound organelles

Question 3

function of the nucleus

Answer 3

hold genetic information

Question 4

function of the nucleolus

Answer 4

rRNA synthesis

Question 5

function of the mitocondria

Answer 5

metabolic function and inducing apoptosis in cells

Question 6

what organelle contains its own DNA

Answer 6

mitocondria

Question 7

function of the lysosome

Answer 7

hydrolytic enzyme to break down substance

Question 8

function of the ER

Answer 8

smooth ER— lipid synthesis and detox

rough ER—permits translation of proteins

Question 9

what is the function of the golgi body

Answer 9

modification to cellular components

package in vesicles and secreted through exocytosis

Question 10

cytoskeleton structure

Answer 10

microfilament
microtubules
intermediate filament

Question 11

what are the difference between microtubules, microfilament, intermediate filament

Answer 11

hollow polymers of tubulin used for kinesins and dynein and centrioles for cell division

solid polymerized rods of actin–

cell-cell adhesion and maintenance of cytoskeleton

Question 12

What are the different structural bacteria

Answer 12

cocci- spherical
bacilli- rod like
spirilli- spiral

Question 13

what is the difference between gram negative and gram positive bacteria

Answer 13

negative- thin cell wall (low peptidoglycan)

positive- thick cell wall (high peptidoglycan)

Question 14

do prokaryotes have mitocondria

Answer 14

no… they do etc through their cell membrane

Question 15

how do prokaryotes reproduce

Answer 15

binary fission

Question 16

how do bacteria increase their genetic diversity

Answer 16

genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation and or transduction)

Question 17

what is transformation

Answer 17

integrating foreign genetic information to host

Question 18

what is conjugation

Answer 18

a form of mating for bacteria

involves a conjugation bridge where the donor is male and the recipient is female and they exchange plasmids

Question 19

what is transduction

Answer 19

transduction involves a bacteriophage that transduces its vector into the bacteria

Question 20

what is the growth phase for bacteria

Answer 20

lag phase— exponential— stationary— death

Question 21

what’s the difference between positive and negative sense

Answer 21

directly translates genome upon transfection

RNA strand template for translation

Question 22

what is retrovirus

Answer 22

reverse transcription–cDNA integrates in host DNA

Question 23

process of viral transduction

Answer 23

viral invasion, host cell lyses, fusion and extrusion

Question 24

lytic vs lysogenic cycle

Answer 24

reproduction of the virus using host machinery cause cell to apoptosis

incorporation of the viral genome into the host DNA infecting the host permanently

Question 25

anchoring junction

Answer 25

connect cytoskeltons between cells– adherens and desomosomes

Question 26

gap junction

Answer 26

passage for small molecules and ions to diffuse– connect through the cytoplasm

Question 27

tight junctions

Answer 27

transmembrane proteins