metabolism Flashcards
what is metabolism???
chemical changes taking place within a cell or organism
catabolism
breaking down of macromolecules into their subunits and energy (ATP)
electrons are also extracted
anabolism
combination of subunits, energy, electrons into macromolecules
redox reactions
reduction, oxidation
reduction is addition of electrons
oxidation is removal
occur through aerobic respiration
energy is released during oxidation
most reduced form of carbon
methane (CH4)
most oxidized form of carbon
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
determining oxidation state
looking at a specific atom within a molecule (specifically carbon most of the time), identify the more electronegative atom in each bond, both electrons from the bond go to that atom. if they’re the same, one electron to each. compare the number of electrons the atom has w/ this done to number of valence electrons in the non-ionized version. ex, O=C=O, O is more electronegative so gets all the electrons from the bonds, C has 0 in its valence shell so oxidation state is +4
what number oxidation state implies more oxidized
more positive
two diff things organisms can gain energy from, what would those organisms be called
E from sunlight - phototrophs
E from chemical compounds - chemotrophs
two diff sources organisms can get CARBON from, what would that be called
inorganic sources - autotrophs
- are able to convert inorganic carbon dioxide into organic glucose
organic compounds - heterotrophs
4 diff classifications based on where energy/carbon is sourced from
photoautotrophs - sun, inorganic
photoheterotroph - sun, organic
chemoautotroph - chemical compounds, inorganic
chemoheterotrophs - chemical compounds, organic
classification of organisms based on where they get their electrons, what would that be called?
organic compounds - organotroph
inorganic compounds - lithotroph
3 high energy intermediates
ATP, NADH, FADH2
how do redox reaction transfer energy
shift PE stored in chemical bonds by changing electron positioning
two components of redox rxn
electron donor - loses electron, oxidized
electron acceptor - gains electrons, reduced
