cellular respiration Flashcards
cellular respiration overview
results in complete oxidation of CO2
4 stages:
1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation
3. Citric Acid Cycle
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation
captures energy released in each reaction in the form of ATP. energy not captured as ATP can be stored as NAHD or FADH2 which go through the electron transport chain during oxidative phosphorylation
location of glycolysis
cytosol (fluid of the cytoplasm)
does glycolysis require oxygen?
no!
how many rxns in glycolysis
10
where do the steps of cellular respiration occur in bacteria?
glycolysis, pyruvate processing, citric acid cycle in the cytosol
oxphos in the cell membrane
where do the steps of cellular respiration occur in eukaryotes
glycolysis - cytoplasm/cytosol
pyruvate processing, citric acid cycle - mitochondria
oxphos - mitochondria
primary inputs and outputs of each stage of cellular respiration
glycolysis: inputs, glucose; outputs, 2 ATP, 2 Pyruvate
pyruvate processing: inputs, pyruvate; outputs, CO2, acetyl-CoA
citric acid cycle: inputs, acetyl CoA; outputs, CO2, ATP
Oxphos: inputs, NADH, FADH2; outputs, ATP
substrate-level phosphorylation
when an enzyme catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from a phosphorylated molecule (substrate) to ADP forming ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
occurs in the mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes) or cell membrane (prokaryotes) and involves the protein ATP synthase and proton gradient driven ATP phosphorylation
Phases/ process of glycolyis
phase 1: 2ATP phosphyorylate a 6C sugar w/ 2 negatively charged phosphate groups
phase 2: cleavage phase
6C sugar is cleaved into two 3C molecules
results in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, dihydroxyactone is then split into 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules, each of which eventually produce 2 atp molecules
phase 3: energy payoff phase
4 ATP made by substrate level phosphorylation
G3P reduced by removal of 4 electrons
2NAD+ become 2 NADH
inputs and outputs of glycolysis
input - 2 NAD+, 2ATP, glucose
output - 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP (4 produced throughout but 2 also used so net increase in 2 ATP)
technically AD Pis released as well
what may NAD+/NADH accept/donate?
NAD+ can accept 2 electrons in the form of hydrogen
NADH can donate 2 electrons
what may NAD+/NADH accept/donate?
NAD+ can accept 2 electrons in the form of hydrogen
NADH can donate 2 electrons
fermentation definition
a metabolic process which converts sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol
an alternate pathway following glycolysis
which cells can ferment?
bacteria, yeast, muscle cells