Metabolic Rate and Innterconnected Pathways

Question 1

Metabolic Rate

Answer 1

Amount of energy consumed by an organism in a given time - also measure of rate of cellular respiration

Question 2

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 2

Amount of energy needed to keep organism alive –> essentially metabolic rate when organism is sleeping
- Increases from birth to first year, then decreases gradually
- Also affected by health and fitness

Question 3

Change in MR Due to Age

Answer 3

Decreases with age because we become more efficient at doing tasks, activity level declines, loss of muscle tissue - energy requirements diminish
- Results in more unused ATP, which allosterically inhibits different enzymes in cellular respiration, slowing down consumption of glucose –> can cause acetyl-CoA to make fat instead of going to Kreb’s

Question 4

Vitamins & Minerals

Answer 4

Act as coenzymes and cofactors

Question 5

Carbohydrate Pathway

Answer 5

Broken down by enzymes like amylase and converted to glucose –> enters in glycolysis

Question 6

Protein Pathway

Answer 6

Broken down into amino acids by enzymes like proteases, then deaminated –> can be converted to intermediate in any stage, depending on amino acid and # of carbons it contains

Question 7

Lipid Pathway

Answer 7

Broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by lipase enzymes
- Glycerol –> G3P, enters in pyruvate oxidation
- Fatty acids transported to mitochondria where carbon atoms removed 2 at a time to make acetyl-CoA, enters in Kreb’s
^ Processes require A LOT of oxygen