Metabolic Pathway / GLYCOLYSIS

Question 0

Where does this occur?

Answer 0

In the CYTOPLASM

In all the cells

Question 1

What is it for?

Answer 1

Major pathway for glucose metabolism that converts glucose into 3 carbon compounds to provide energy

Question 2

What is the substrate?

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

What is the end product?

Answer 3

Pyruvate or Lactate

Depending on the presence of mitochondria and availability of oxygen

Question 4

Which step is rate-limiting?

Answer 4

Reaction : FRUCTOSE-6-PHOSPHATE –> Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Enzyme: PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE (PFK-1)

Question 5

2 kinds of glycolysis

Answer 5

Aerobic glycolysis

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 6

Cells with mitochondria

Cells with adequate O2 supply

End product: PYRUVATE

Answer 6

Aerobic glycolysis

Question 7

Cells without mitochondria

Cells without sufficient O2

End product: LACTATE

Answer 7

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 8

2 stages of glycolysis

Answer 8

Energy investment

Energy generation

Question 9

ATP used up to produce phosphorylated intermediates

2 ATP used

Answer 9

Energy glycolysis

Question 10

ATP pressured through substrate-level phosphorylation

4 ATP produced

Answer 10

Energy generation

Question 11

3 important steps in GLYCOLYSIS

Answer 11

Step 1 : phosphorylation of glucose

Step 3 : phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate

Step 10 : formation of pyruvate

Question 12

Has a high affinity (low Km) for glucose, and in the liver it is saturated under normal conditions, and so acts at a constant rate to provide glucose-6-phosphate to meet the cell’s need

Answer 12

Hexokinase

Question 13

Has a Km very much higher than the normal intracellular concentration of glucose

Removes glucose from the blood following a meal, providing glucose-6-phosphate in excess of requirements for glycolysis, which is used for glycogen synthesis and lipoproteins

Answer 13

Glucokinase

Question 14

This is the RATE-LIMITING STEP of glycolysis

Enzyme : phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Answer 14

Step 3 : Fructose-6-P –> Fructose-1,6-BP

Question 15

2 kinds of phosphofructokinase

Answer 15

PFK-1

PFK-2

Question 16

Converts fructose-6-P to fructose-1,6-BP

Activator: fructose-2,6-BP and AMP

Inhibitor: ATP and citrate

RATE LIMITING ENZYME

Answer 16

PFK-1

Question 17

Converts fructose-6-P to fructose-2,6-BP

Activator: well-fed state, increase insulin and decrease glucagon

Inhibitor: starved state, decrease insulin and increase glucagon

Answer 17

PFK-2

Question 18

Substrate level phosphorylation that yields 1 ATP per molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate

Enzyme: PYRUVATE KINASE
Activator: FRUCTOSE-1,6- BP (feedforward mechanism)
Inhibitor: increase GLUCAGON + increase cAMP –> phosphorylation

Answer 18

Step 10 : PEP –> PYRUVATE

Question 19

Another name of GLYCOYSIS

Answer 19

Embden Meyerhoff Parnas Pathway

Question 20

Metabolism of GLUCOSE to PYRUVATE/LACTATE

Answer 20

GLYCOLYSIS

Question 21

Primary oxidation of glucose prior to complete oxidation in the Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 21

GLYCOLYSIS

Question 22

Generates ATP through substrate level phosphorylation and NADPH

Answer 22

GLYCOLYSIS

Question 23

A potential energy source through oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 23

GLYCOLYSIS

Question 24

Where does GLYCOLYSIS occur?

Answer 24

CYTOSOL