Insulin And Glucagon

Question 0

Polypeptide hormone secreted by the B-cells of the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas

• stimulated by rise in blood glucose
• inhibited by epinephrine

Receptor: has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity leading to a cascade of cell-signaling responses

Effects: ⬆️anabolism, ⬇️catabolism

Answer 0

Insulin

Question 1

⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️ insulin

Answer 1

Glucose uptake

Synthesis of glycogen, protein and fat

Question 2

⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇ ️insulin

Answer 2

Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Ketogenesis

Lipolysis

Question 3

Polypeptide hormone secreted by the a-cells of the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas

• stimulated by low blood glucose, AA, epinephrine
• inhibited by high blood glucose, insulin

Receptor: G-protein that activates adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP and protein kinase A

Effects: maintain blood glucose during periods of hypoglycemia

Answer 3

Glucagon

Question 4

⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️ glucagon

Answer 4

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Ketogenesis

Uptake of amino acids

Question 5

⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️ glycogenesis

Answer 5

Glycogenesis

Question 6

4 hormones counteract the actions of insulin (counter-regulatory hormones)

Answer 6

Glucagon

Cortisol

Growth hormone

Epinephrine

Question 7

Low blood sugar (Glucose <40mg/dL)

• ⬆️hormones: glucagon and epinephrine
• ⬇️️hormones: insulin

Manifestations:

• adrenergic: tachycardia, tremors, diaphoresis
• neuroglycopenic: confusion, seizures, coma
• quick resolution of symptoms after administration of glucose

Causes:

• insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs
• postprandial state: SSX usually adrenergic
• fasting/starvation: SSX usually neuroglycopenic
• ethanol

Answer 7

Hypoglycemia