Enzymes

Question 0

Protein catalysts that increase the velocity of a chemical reaction and are not consumed during the reaction they catalyze

Isozymes are physically distinct versions of a given enzyme, each of which catalyzes the same reaction

Answer 0

Enzymes

Question 1

Classes of enzymes:

1. Oxidoreductases - catalyze oxidation and reductions
2. Transferases - catalyze transfer of moieties such as glycosyl, methyl, or phosphoryl groups
3. Hydrolyses - catalyze hydrolytic cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N, and other bonds
4. Lyses - catalyze cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N, and other bonds by atom elimination, leaving double bonds
5. Isomerases - catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule
6. Ligases - catalyze the joining together of two molecules coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 1

Classes of Enzymes

Question 2

Properties of enzymes
- contain an active site

• highly efficient
• highly specific
  (Lock and Key - active site firs the substrate like a key fitting into its lock)
  (Induce fit theory - active site is slightly deformable to the shape of the substrate)
• requires cofactors (holoenzyme - apoenzyme + co-factor, prosthetic)

Answer 2

Properties of enzymes

Question 3

Distinguished by their tight, stable incorporation into a protein’s structure by covalent or noncovalent forces

Answer 3

PROSTHETIC GROUP

Question 4

Binds in a transient, dissociable manner either to the enzyme or to a substrate

Answer 4

Cofactor

Question 5

Serve as recyclable shuttles pr group transfer agents that transport many substrates from their point of generation to their point of utilization

Answer 5

COENZYME

Question 6

How enzymes work?

Answer 6

Enzymes LOWER free energy of activation

Enzymes DO NOT CHANGE the energy of the reactants and products, and the equilibrium of the reaction