Metabolic Diversity

Question 1

Every form of life on earth uses energy, true or false?

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Energy is…?

Answer 2

the ability to do work

Question 3

What do cells use energy for?

Answer 3

to assemble simple, disordered molecules into complex, ordered forms

Question 4

The breakdown of complex molecules into smaller ones releasing energy.

Answer 4

catabolic reactions/catabolism

Question 5

In catabolic reactions, energy is harnessed are used for…?

Answer 5

work

Question 6

Reactions that build molecules, require energy.

Answer 6

anabolism

Question 7

Catabolism provides energy for (blank).

Answer 7

anabolism

Question 8

Metabolism=

Answer 8

catabolic + anabolic processes

Question 9

Organisms can be described by how they obtain their carbon and ATP sources, true or false?

Answer 9

true

Question 10

The primary energy storage currency in cells.

Answer 10

ATP

Question 11

What does ATP always form a complex with?

Answer 11

Mg2+

Question 12

Besides ATP, other nucleotides do not carry energy, true or false?

Answer 12

false

Question 13

Give an example of another nucleotide that carries energy.

Answer 13

guanosine triphosphate provides energy for protein synthesis

Question 14

Other energy carriers also carry…?

Answer 14

electrons

Question 15

The transfer of electrons from a donor to an acceptor releases what?

Answer 15

energy

Question 16

What does NADH stand for?

Answer 16

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 17

NADH carries 2 or 4x as much energy as ATP, true or false?

Answer 17

false, 2x or 3x

Question 18

Write the overall oxidation and reduction of NADH.

Answer 18

write on paper

Question 19

What is FADH?

Answer 19

another related coenzyme that can transfer electrons

Question 20

Can obtain energy by catabolism of various complex and also simple organic compounds.

Answer 20

chemoorganotrophs

Question 21

Give na example of a chemoorganotroph breaking down organic molecules.

Answer 21

glycans and polysaccharides to simple compounds

Question 22

What does EMP stand for?

Answer 22

embden-myerhoff-parnas

Question 23

Where is EMP found?

Answer 23

in many prokaryotes and all animals and plants

Question 24

Uses 2 ATP molecules to phosphorylate glucose, forming fructose 1,6 bis-phosphate, which is broken down into 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules.

Answer 24

activation phase

Question 25

Harnesses the energy in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules, producing 4 ATP molecules, 2 NADH molecules and 2 pyruvates.

Answer 25

energy payoff phase

Question 26

The generation of ATP directly from catabolic pathways is known as…?

Answer 26

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 27

What allows the oxidation NADH without the use of an electron transport system?

Answer 27

fermentation

Question 28

The electron acceptor in fermentation is typically (blank).

Answer 28

pyruvate

Question 29

Microbes generate energy by moving electrons from a (blank) to an (blank); energy is released.

Answer 29

reduced electron donor, oxidizes electron acceptor

Question 30

Transfer of electrons occurs through a series of membrane embedded carriers called an electron transport system.

Answer 30

respiration

Question 31

Electron transport system can convert its energy into an (blank) potential separated by the cytoplasmic membrane.

Answer 31

ion/electric potential

Question 32

How did eukaryotic mitochondrion and chloroplast arise?

Answer 32

endosymbiosis of aerobic respiratory bacteria and a photosynthetic

Question 33

The transfer of H+ through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons.

Answer 33

proton motive force

Question 34

Proton motive force drives the conversion of…?

Answer 34

ADP to ATP through ATP synthase

Question 35

Respiration using oxidized forms of nitrogen is widespread among…?

Answer 35

bacteria, archaea, some fungi and yeast

Question 36

Reduction of oxidized states of nitrogen for energy yield is called..?

Answer 36

dissimilatory denitrification