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Microbiology > Cell Envelope > Flashcards

Cell Envelope Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

For most species, the cell envelope includes at least (blank) structural supporting layer

A

1

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2
Q

What is the most common cell envelope?

A

the cell wall

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3
Q

Define cell envelope.

A

cell wall + all other associated layers

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4
Q

What do mollicutes lack?

A

a cell wall

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5
Q

What is peptidoglycan?

A

a polymer of 2 sugars and amino acids

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6
Q

What are the 2 sugars in peptidoglycan?

A

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyl-muramic acid

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7
Q

Where are the amino acids attached?

A

the NAM

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8
Q

What does peptidoglycan form?

A

a rigid, porous sac (murein nucleus) that surrounds the CM, helps it withstand turgor pressure

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9
Q

What is unique to bacteria?

A

peptidoglycan

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10
Q

What does penicillin inhibit?

A

transpeptidase

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11
Q

Why do they inhibit this?

A

they inhibit enzymes responsible for making peptidoglycan

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12
Q

What does vancomycin prevent?

A

cross-bridge formation by binding to terminal amino acids

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13
Q

List the things a positive cell wall includes.

A

nucleoid, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane

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14
Q

How thick is a gram positive cell wall?

A

20-80um

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15
Q

What are some pros of a cell wall?

A

strong, protects against osmosis lysis, adds shape

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16
Q

What are some cons of a cell wall?

A

must be protected from lysozyme

17
Q

(blank) are classified with positive bacteria.

A

mycobacteria

18
Q

What 4 things does a mycobacteria have?

A

thick peptidoglycan, thick arabinogalactan, myolic acids, capsule of lipids and glycolipids, therefore they are extremely resistant to environmental stress but they must grow slowly

19
Q

List the things a gram-negative cell includes.

A

nucleoid, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membranes

20
Q

What are some pros about a gram negative cell?

A

outer membrane is a good selectively permeable membrane, has a built-in storage, protection against osmotic lysis

21
Q

What are some cons about a gram-negative cell?

A

toxic, expensive, larger genomes

22
Q

What is a lipopolysaccharide?

A

complex glycolipid that are split into 2 groups

23
Q

What are the 2 types of lipopolysaccharides?

A

O-antigen and lipid A endotoxin

24
Q

What is O-antigen used for?

A

serological typing

25
Q

what is lipid A endotoxin used for?

A

toxic when released, it induces a cytokine storm

Microbiology (11 decks)

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