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Microbiology > Biofilms > Flashcards

Biofilms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The (blank) ensures (blank) by constantly adding and removing equal amounts of (blank).

A

chemostat, logarithmic growth, culture medium

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2
Q

What allows growth and growth conditions to be highly controlled?

A

chemostat, which allows detailed study of microbes in natural settings

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3
Q

Bacteria are communal creatures true or false?

A

true

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4
Q

In nature, prokaryotes do not grow as single unicellular entities, true or false?

A

true

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5
Q

Most prefer to grow in communities that stick together on organic or inorganic surfaces, true or false?

A

true, this forms structures called biofilms

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6
Q

Biofilms cannot form on a range of surfaces true or false?

A

false

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7
Q

Complex and elaborate assemblages of bacterial micro colonies attached to surfaces and surrounded in a porous, sticky adhesive EPS secreted by microbial cells.

A

biofilm

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8
Q

EPS

A

extracellular polysaccharide matrix

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9
Q

How are biofilms formed?

A

there are 5 steps

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10
Q

Step 1 of biofilm formation: (draw)

A

reversible attachment of single unicellular bacteria

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11
Q

Step 2 of biofilm formation: (draw)

A

formation of micro colonies

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12
Q

Step 3 of biofilm formation: (draw)

A

EPS secretion

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13
Q

Step 4 of biofilm formation: (draw)

A

biofilm maturation

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14
Q

Step 5 of biofilm formation: (draw)

A

dissolution and dispersal (revert to planktonic state)

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15
Q

Part 1 of the biofilm life cycle.

A

form when/where nutrients are plentiful (bacteria attach themselves to surfaces via their cell envelope)

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16
Q

Part 2 of the biofilm life cycle.

A

once nutrients become scarce, individuals detach themselves from the community to forage for new nutrients

17
Q

Biofilms in nature can take many different forma and serve different functions for different species, true or false?

A

true

18
Q

Single species biofilms=

A

pathogenic bacteria

19
Q

Formation of biofilms cannot be cued by different environmental signals in different species, true or false?

A

false

20
Q

Biofilm formation is regulated by what?

A

quorum-sensing

21
Q

the processes of assessing bacterial density in the neighbourhood

A

quorum-sensing

22
Q

What is quorum-sensing?

A

involves signalling/communication molecules or autoinducers that are secreted into the surrounding environment

23
Q

Extracellular concentration of inducer concentration increases with increase in cell population density, true or false?

A

true

24
Q

What do autoinducers do?

A

freely diffuse in and out of bacterial cells and bind to a cytoplasmic receptor protein

25
Q

At a certain (blank), the transcription regulator is activated and binds to DNA activating (blank) regulated genes.

A

inducer concentration, quorum-sensing

26
Q

Different microenvironments develop in different layers of the biofilm, true or false?

A

true

27
Q

What is the difference in layers based on?

A

gradients of oxygen concentration, nutrients availability, by-products, etc

28
Q

What are some examples of bacteria exhibiting different physiological states?

A

growth rates, stress response, metabolic activity

29
Q

What are some pros of biofilms?

A

allow microbes to work together efficiently, normal microbiota biofilms of plants and animals are essential

30
Q

What are some cons of biofilms?

A

damage equipment and infrastructure, colonize abiotic surface put into body, biofilms of pathogenic bacteria are a huge problem in medicine, highly resistant to antimicrobials

31
Q

Bacteria faced with environmental stress do not undergo complex molecular reprogramming that includes changes in cell structure, true or false?

A

false

32
Q

Can some prokaryotes undergo cell differentiation?

A

yes

33
Q

(blank) differentiates into specialized cells called (blank).

A

anabaena, heterocysts

34
Q

What is an anabaena?

A

specialized structure that houses the nitrogen fixing enzyme

35
Q

What is a heterocyst?

A

a molecule that contains an oxygen-binding complex

36
Q

Actinomycete bacteria form filamentous mycelia and aerial sporangia, true or false?

A

true

37
Q

As nutrients decline aerial hyphae divide into arthospores that are resistant to drying, true or false?

A

true

38
Q

Some species when starved trigger an elaborate process to produce endospores, true or false?

A

true

39
Q

What are endospores?

A

dormant structures containing highly complex cell walls that are resistant to killing by dry heat

Microbiology (11 decks)

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