Metabolic

Question 1

raised ALP, raised Ca

Answer 1

Bone mets
hyperparathy

Question 2

Raised ALP, low Ca

Answer 2

Osteomalacia
renal F

Question 3

Causes of hyperkal

Answer 3

AKI, metab acidosis, Addisons, Rhabdo, blood transfusion

Drugs; ACEi, ARB, Spiro, ciclo

Question 4

Causes of hypernat

Answer 4

Dehydratyion/ Excess IV Saline
DI

Question 5

Tx hypocal

Answer 5

Sympto - carpopedal spasm, tetany, seizures or prolonged QT interval
Tx -
IV Ca Gluco rep (10ml 10%)

Question 6

Causes of hypokalaemia

Answer 6

Acidosis: Diarrhoea, renal tubular acidosis, acetazolamide

Alkalosis - Vom, thiazide/loop diuretics, cushings, Conns

NB - Mg Def also -> hypokal

Question 7

Hyponat with low urinary sodium

Answer 7

na dep - D/V, Burns
Excess water - heart failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, psychogenic polydipsia

Question 8

Hyponat with high urinary sodium (high osmo)

Answer 8

Na dep - Diuretics, Addisons
SIADH, hypothy

Question 9

Causes of SIADH

Answer 9

Small cell lung Ca
Drugs; Sulphonylureas, SSRIs, carbamazepin

Question 10

Serum osmolarity calc

Answer 10

2 * Na+ + glucose + urea